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Pharmaceutical 



Problems and Exercises 



METROLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY AND PHARMA- 
CEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 



OSCAR OLDBERG, Pharm. D., 

Professor of Pharmacy in the Illinois College of Pharmacy 
Northwestern University. 



! 



t 



•o^o« 




CHICAGO: 

W. T. KEENER, 

96 Washington Street, 
1887, 



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© 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by W. T. Keener, in 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



PRINTED BY 

R. R. McCABE & CO. 
68 Wabash Ave., 

CHICAGO. 



PREFACE. 



Problems to be solved in writing, and other written 
exercises, are indispensable in teaching or learning 
weights and measures, the mutual relations of weight 
and volume, the use of the pharmacopceial working 
formulae, the proportionate strength of preparations, 
chemical notation, combining numbers, equations, phar- 
maceutical nomenclature, etc. The problems and exer- 
cises embraced in these pages are intended for the use 
of medical and pharmaceutical students— for class work 
at school, as well as for students not attending schools. 
They may be used also for examinations. When used 
for class exercises the students might use the Phar- 
macopoeia as a reference book. Students working with- 
out instructors can prove their own work. 

The number and variety of the problems and 
exercises are believed to be amply sufficient. 

THE AUTHOR 
Chicago, June, 1887. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGES. 

Formulae for reducing Hydrometer Scales and 

Thermometer Scales, - - v. 

Pakt I. — Weights and Measures, - - 1-11 

Part II. — Percentages and Proportions, 12-21 

Part III. — Specific Weight and Specific Volume, 22-29 
Part IV. — Hydrometer and Thermometer Scales, 30-32 
Part V. — Chemical Symbols and Formulae, - 33-37 
Part VI. — Atomic and Molecular Weights, - 38-39 
Part VII. — Chemical Equations, - 10-46 

Part VIII. — Synthetical Problems in Pharma- 
ceutical Chemistry, - 17-55 
Part IX. — Pharmaceutical Nomenclature, - - 56-75 



FORMULA. 



For reducing Beaume degrees to specific weight 
and vice versa: — 

For Liquids Heavier than Water. 



145 d -, A ~ 145 -o c 

- = Sp. w.; 14o— g— = B 



145— B° r m "*' ■*-- w Sp. w. r 

For Liquids Lighter than Water. 



140 o 140 



sp-*-; s^.- 130 = BC 



!30 + B° "f "*' Sp. w. 



For reducing Thermometric degrees from C. to F. 
and vice versa: — 

F=fC.+32; 

and 
6=-f (F— 32). 



PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 



PART I. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

1 . — State the length of the terrestrial meridian : — a) in 
meters ? b) in inches ? 

2. — State the length of the Greenwich seconds pendu- 
lum : — a) in inches ? b) in meters ? 

3. — State the difference in length between the yard 
and the meter : — a) in inches ? b) in centimeters ? 

4.— Write:— 

a) 103.072 meters, in centimeters? 

b) 0.0001 meter, in millimeters? 

c) 1010.101 decimeters, in dekameters? 

d) 92.003 hektometers, in kilometers? 
5. — Write, in figures : — 

a) Thirteen millimeters, in meters ? 

b) Eleven thousand centimeters, in meters ? 

c) Two hundred and seven decimeters, in cen- 

timeters ? 

d) One-half kilometer, in dekameters? 

e) One thousand and five millimeters, in cen- 

timeters ? 

f) One thousand and five centimeters, in milli- 

meters ? 



2 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

6. — Write, in millimeters : — 

a) 1.0303 meters? 

b) 2 hektometers ? 

c) 0.404 centimeters? 

d) 0.1 dekameter? 

e) 0.1 decimeter? 

f) 0.0001 kilometer? 

g) 0.100101 myriameter? 
7. — Write, in meters: — 

a) 0.01 kilometer? 

b) 103.405 centimeters? 

c) 0.270 kektometers? 

d) 10.04001 millimeters? 

e) 3.45 dekameters? 

f) 345 decimeters? 

8. — Add together: — one million micromillimeters, 75 
millimeters, 75 centimeters, 4 dekameters, 4 decimeters, 
0.004 kilometer, 13 hektometers, 4.13 meters, and 0.0002 
myriameters, and state the sum in meters ? 

9. — State the equivalents, in English inches, of: — 

a) 3.03 meters ? 

b) 3.03 millimeters? 

c) 0.303 centimeters? 

10. — State the equivalents, in millimeters, of: — ■ 

a) 4 inches? 

b) 1 foot? 

c) 0.01 inch? 

11. — State the equivalents, in centimeters, of: — 

a) 1 inch? 

b) 4 feet? 

c) 0.1 inch? 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

12. — State the equivalents, in meters, of: — 

a) 1 mile? 

b) 7 J yards ? 

c) 144 inches? 



13. — How many square feet are contained in a 
rectangular area 2 feet wide and 30 inches long ? 

14. — How many square inches of surface has a cube 
measuring 2 inches in each direction? 

15. — How many square centimeters of surface has a 
block 60 millimeters long, 30 millimeters wide, and 20 
millimeters thick ? 

10.— How many square inches will equal one square 
meter ? 

17. — Keduce 0.03 square feet to square centimeters? 

18. — Reduce one acre to square meters ? 

19. — Reduce 2 square miles to square kilometers? 

20. — Add one square kilometer, one square meter, 
and one square centimeter, and state the sum in square 
meters ? 

21. — Add one square foot, 12 square inches, and ^ 
square yard, and state the sum in square feet ? 

22. — How many cubic inches are contained in a block 
6 inches long, 5 inches wide, and 4 inches thick? 

23. — How r many wine-gallons will be equivalent to 1 
cubic foot? 

24. — How many cubic feet of space in a room 12x15 
xlOfeet? 

25. — State the equivalent of 1 cubic meter in cubic 
feet? 

26. — State the equivalent of 1 cubic meter in liters ? 



4 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

27. — State the equivalent of one wine-gallon in cubic 
centimeters ? 

28. — How many cubic inches in: — a) 1 wine-gallon? 
b) 1 imperial gallon ? c) 8 imperial fluid ounces ? 
d) one liter ? e) 16 TJ. S. fluid ounces ? f ) 1 imperial 
pint? 

29 — How many cubic centimeters in: — a) 30.01 deci- 
liters? b) 0.1 cubic decimeter? c) 0. 303 liter ? d) 13.003 
centiliters ? e) eleven hundred and one milliliters ? 

30. — How many C.c. in: — a) 1 TJ. S. fluid ounce? 
b) 9 wine pints ? c) 60 TJ. S. minims ? d) 60 imperial 
minims. 



31. — Add 4 liters and 40 milliliters, and state the 
sum in C.c. 

32.— How many C.c. in £ of \ of 0.024 liter? 
33.— Write:— 

a) 1040.401 milliliters in liters? 

b) 3.004 cubic-decimeters in C.c. ? 

c) 140.03 liters in cubic-centimeters? 

d) 0.0002 liters in C.c. ? 

e) 15,432 C.c. in cubic - decimeters ? 

f) 304 centiliters in C.c. ? 
34. — Write, in figures: — 

a) Five thousand and seven C.c. in deciliters? 

b) Twenty-five hundred milliliters in liters ? 

c) Two thousand and thirteen centiliters in 

cubic- centimeters ? 

d) One-half milliliter in C.c? 

35. — Subtract 3,456 C.c. from 5 liters, arid state the 
remainder in deciliters ? 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

86. — State the equivalents, in IT. S. fluid ounces, of :- 

a) 1 wine gaUon ? 

b) 1 imperial gallon? 

c) 1 liter? 

d) 10 imperial fluid ounces ? 

e) 16 "U. S. fluid drachms? 

37. — State the equivalents, in 17. S. minims, of: — 
a) 404 C.c? b) 0.05 liter? 

c) 3 imp. fluid ounces. 

d) 15 C.c? e) 1 milliliter? 

f ) One-half wine-gallon ? 

g) 1 U. S. liquid quart ? 

h) 16 II. S. apothecaries' fluid ounces ? 
i) 1 imperial pint? 
38. — How many U. S. fluid drachms in: — 

a) 2. 50 wine-pints ? 

b) 1.05 wine-gallons? 

c) 0.125 IT. S. fluid ounce? 

39. — State the equivalents, in C.c, of: — 

a) ffiij f3v nrporj I 

b) 1 wine pint ? c) 1 U. S. fluid ounce ? 

d) 300 IT. S. minims? 

e) 300 imp. minims? f) 1 imperial pint? 
g) 1 imp. fluid ounce ? 

40. — State the equivalents, in liters, of: — 
a ) 5 wine pints ? b) 6 imp. pints ? 

c) 100 II. S. fluid ounces ? 

d) 100 imp. fluid ounces ? 

41. — State the equivalents, in imperial minims, of :- 

a) 1,000 II. S. minims? 

b) 0.10 liter? c) 1 C.c? 
d) 1 U. S. fluid ounce? 



6 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

42. — State the equivalents, in imperial fluid ounces, 

of:— 
a) 1 imperial gallon? b) 1 wine-gallon? 
c) 100 U. S. fluid ounces ? d) 2 liters f 
43. — State the equivalents, in wine pints, of 100 

imperial pints? 
44. — State the equivalent in imperial pints of 10 

wine pints ? 
45. — How many cubic-inches in: a) 1 dry quart? 

b) 1 wine quart ? c ) 1 imperial quart ? 
46. — State the equivalents of : — 

a) 2 U. S. fluid ounces in imperial minims ? 

b) 96 U. S. fluid ounces in imperial fluid ounces ? 

c) 120 U. S. fluid ounces in imperial fluid- 

drachms ? 

d) 960 U. S. minims in imperial minims ? 

47. — What is a Wine gallon? By what existing law 
is its value fixed? 

48.— What is an Imperial gallon? 

49.— What is a Liter? 

50. — What is a Cubic centimeter? 

51. — What is the Kilogram? 

52. — W r hat is the Troy Pound? 

53. — What is the Avoirdupois Pound? 

54. —What is the II. S. Mint Pound? 

55. — What is the U. S. Apothecaries' Grain? 

56. — Write 4 kilograms, 47 grams, and 4 centigrams 
in one sum, in Grams ? 

57. — Add 130 centigrams, 13 milligrams, 130 Grams,, 
13 kilograms, 1.30 dekagrams, and 0.013 hektograms, 
and state the sum in decigrams ? 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 7 

58. — Subtract 65 centigrams from 1 hektogram, and 
state the remainder in milligrams ? 
59. — Write in words: 

a) 0.0001 GminGm? 

b) 0.0001 kilogram, in Gm? 

c) 0.01 milligram, in Gm? 

d) 0.100 Gm, in centigrams? 
60. — How many Gm in: — '- 

a) 7093.307 centigrams? 

b) 0.07 milligram? 

c) 0.00306 kilogram? 

d) 304.5 dekagrams? 
61.— How many milligrams in: — 

a) 0.048 Gm? 

b) 35.005 centigrams? 

c) 0.07005 kilograms? 

d) 7.4008 Gm? 

e) 0.0123 dekagram? 

f) 0.123 hektogram? 
62. — Write in figures: — 

a) 4 kilograms, in dekagrams ? 

b) 0.4 hektograms, in Gm? 

c) 0.003 Gm in milligrams? 

d) 0.202 Gm in centigrams? 

e) Eleven hundred centigrams, in Gm ? 

f) One thousand and two milligrams in Gm? 
63. — How many grains in: — 

a) a troy pound ? 

b) an avoirdupois pound? 

c) a penny-weight? 

d) an Apothecaries' drachm ? 

e) an avoirdupois drachm? 



8 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

f) an avoirdupois ounce f 

g) a scruple? 

64. — State the number of; — 

a) Milligrams in 1 decigram? 

b) Centigrams in 1 hektogram? 

c) Decigrams in 1 dekagram? 

d) Kilograms in 1 Gram? 
65. — State the number of: — 

a) drachms in 1 troy ounce? 

b) drachms in 1 TJ. S. Apothecaries' ounce? 

c) drachms in 1 avoirdupois ounce? 

d) ounces in 1 troy pound? 

e) ounces in 1 avoirdupois pound? 
66. — State the equivalents, in Gm, of:- — 

a ) 6 avoirdupois ounces ? 

b) 9 troy ounces ? 

c) 5.50 avoirdupois pounds? 
d 0. 50 avoirdupois pounds ? 

e) 1 troy ounce ? 

f) 1 avoirdupois ounce? 

g) 500 grains ? 

67. — State the equivalents, in grains, of: — 

a) 100,000 grams? 

b) 1 centigram? 

c) 1 decigram? 

d) 1 milligram? 

e) 65 milligrams? 

68. — State the equivalents, in avoirdupois ounces, 
of:— 

a) 0.40 kilogram? 

b) 453 Gm. ? c) 100 troy ounces ? 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 9 

69. — State the equivalents, in U. S. Apothecaries' 
ounces, of: — 

a) 1 avoirdupois pound? 

b) 1 kilogram. 

c) 100 avoirdupois ounces? 

d) 373 Gin? 

70. — State the equivalents of: — 

a) 100 grains, in decigrams? 

b) 1,000 grains in centigrams? 

c) 1 grain, in milligrams ? 

d) 10 grains, in Gin? 

e) 3 grains, in decigrams ? 



71. — State the relation of the wine gallon to the 
length of the seconds pendulum ? 

72. — State the relation of the milliliter to the quad- 
rant of the earth? 

73. — State the relation of the avoirdupois pound to 
the troy pound? 

74.- -State the relation of the Gram to the meter? 

75. — State the relation of the grain to the imperial 
gallon ? 

76. — State the relation of the imperial gallon to the 
troy pound? 

77. — State the relation of the U. S. dollar to the troy 
pound ? 

78. — State the relation of the Apothecaries' drachm 
to the trov ounce ? 



79. — State the weight in vacuo of: — 

a) 1 liter of water at 4° C, in kilograms? 

b) 576 C.c. of water at 4° C, in Gm? 



10 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

c) 1 C.c. of water at 4° C, in milligrams? 

d) 0.37 C.c. at 4° C, in centigrams? 

e) 500 milliliters of water at 4° C, in Gm? 
80. — State the weight in vacuo of: — 

a) 1 cubic- decimeter of water at 4° C.,inGm? 

b) 1 cubic-centimeter of water at 4° C. in Gm? 

c) 1 cubic inch of water at 16 °. 07 C, in grains ? 

d) 1 cubic foot of water at 16°. 67 C, in im- 

perial pounds? 
81.— State the weight, in air, of: — 

a) 1 imperial gallon of water at 62 ° F. ? 

b) 1 cubic inch of water at 62 ° F. ? 

c) 1 cubic inch of water at 22° C. ? 

d) 1 liter of water at 22° C., in Gm? 

e) 1 wine gallon of water at 22° C, in grains? 
82. — State the apparent weight of: — 

a) 1 imp. fluid ounce of water, in grains ? 

b) 1 IT. S. Apothecaries' fluid ounce of water, 

in grains? 

c) 6 wine pints of water, in grains ? 

d) 1 00 U. S. minims of water, in grains ? 

e) 10 imp. minims of water, in grains ? 

f ) 1 imp. pint of water in avoirdupois ounces ? 
83. — State the apparent weight of: — 

a) 96 IT. S. fluid ounces of water at 16°. 67 C, 

in avoirdupois ounces? 

b) 1 liter of water at 4° C, in grains? 

c) 1 wine gallon of water at 62° F., ingrains? 

d) 1 IT. S. fluid ounce of water at 4° C, in 

troy ounces ? 
84. — State the apparent weight of: — 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 11 

a) •-} wine gallons of water at 16°. 67 C, in 

avoirdupois ounces ? 

b) 1 liter of water at 22° C, in troy ounces? 
85. — State the volume of: — 

a) 0.75 kilograms of water, at 4° C, in C.c. ? 

b) 160 avoirdupois ounces of water, at 16°. 67 

C. , in imp. fluid ounces ? 

c) 100 avoirdupois ounces of water, at 16°. 67 

C, in U. S. fluid ounces? 

d) 1,000 Gm of water, at 22° C, in C.c. ? 

e) 2 troy ounces of water, at 22° C, in IT. S. 

minims ? 

f) 1 grain of water, at 22° C, inU. S. minims? 

g) 10 grains of water, at 22° C, in imp. 

minims ? 



PART II. 

PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS IN 
PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

86. — State the percentage alcoholic strength of a 
mixture of 1 part of 60 per cent, (weight) alcohol and 
2 parts of water. 

87. — How much alcohol of 40 per cent, (weight) 
strength can be made from 1,000 Gm of alcohol of 80 
per cent, strength? 

88. — State the percentage (weight) alcoholic strength 
of a mixture of 2 parts official alcohol and 1 part water. 

89. — How many parts alcohol of 80 per cent, strength 
(weight) can be obtained from 80 parts alcohol of 91 per 
cent, strength. 

90. — How much water is required to dilute an alcohol 
of 50 per cent, strength to one of 45.5 percent, (weight)? 

91. — How many parts of alcohol of 45.50 per cent, 
strength can be made from 45.50 parts of alcohol of 91 
per cent, strength (weight) ? 

92. — How much alcohol of 91 per cent, strength must 
be added to 100 parts of alcohol of 60 per cent, strength 
in order to produce a mixture of 80 per cent strength 
(weight) ? 

93. — How much alcohol of 94 per cent, (volume) 
strength, is required to make one pint alcohol of 66 per 
cent, (volume) strength? 

12 



PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS. 13 

94. — How much official alcohol is required to make 1 
gallon of 80 per cent, (by volume) alcohol ? 

95. — How much official alcohol and how much official 
diluted alcohol must be mixed to produce one pint of 
85 per cent, (by weight) alcohol ? 

90. — How much official ammonia water (10 per cent, 
gas) can be made from 10 lbs. of the "official stronger 
ammonia water? " 

97. — How much official diluted acetic acid can be made 
from 6 lbs of the official glacial acetic acid? 

98. — How much water must be added to 1 pound 
official acetic acid to reduce it to a 4 per cent, acid ? 

99. — How much of the official glacial acetic acid is 
required to make 2 pounds of the official diluted acetic 
acid? 

100. — How much official "stronger water of ammonia" 
is required to make one -half gallon of the ten per cent, 
solution of N H 8 ? 

101. — How much diluent must be added to a 70 per 
cent, solution to reduce it to 30 per cent. ? 

102. — How much water must be added to the official 
solution of tersulphate of iron to reduce its strength so 
that it contains 10 per cent, of the ferric sulphate ? 

103. — What quantities of water and cocaine hydro- 
chlorate are required to make 2 drachms of a 2 per cent, 
solution ? 

104. — What quantities of water and of the official 
solution of chloride of iron are required to make one 
pound of a 10 per cent, solution of ferric chloride ? 

105. — How much caustic potassa containing 90 per 
cent, of potassium hydrate will be required to make 5 



14 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

pounds of a solution containing 50 per cent, of the 
hydrate ? 

106.— How much basic ferric sulphate should be 
obtained on evaporating 200 ounces of the official solu- 
tion of sub -sulphate of iron to dryness? 

107. — State the percentage of absolute alcohol in the 
official menstruum for fluid extract of : — a) nux vomica, 
b) digitalis, c) buchu. d) cinchona, e) frangula. f) sar- 
saparilla. g) taraxacum, h) senna. 

108. — State the percentage of absolute alcohol in the 
official menstruum for tincture of: — a) calumba. b) 
ignatia. c) valerian, d) cinchona, e) kino, f) capsicum, 
g) deodorized opium. 



109. — State the percentage of subacetate of lead in 
Goulard's Cerate. 

110. — State the percentage of camphor in Camphor 
Cerate. 

111. — Aconite root yields about 16 per cent, solid 
extract to alcohol; how much extractive should be left 
upon evaporating 50 C.c. of the fluid extract? 

112. — Socotrine aloes gives 22 per cent, water- extract; 
how much of the extract is equivalent to 9 grains aloes ? 

113. — How much Ergot is required to make 100 Gm 
of the official extract? 

114. — How much tincture of hyoscyamus is equiva- 
lent to 15 C.c. of the fluid extract? 

115. — Belladonna leaf yields about 22 per cent, 
extractive to a 66 per cent, alcohol; how much solid 
extract is contained in one ounce of a 15 per cent, tincture 
made with that menstruum ? 



PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS. 15 

116. — Indian cannabis yields 13 per cent, alcoholic 
extractive; how much of the fluid extract would be 
equivalent to 1 grain of the solid extract on that basis ? 

117. — If the a verge yield of extract from colocynth 
pulp be 33 per cent., and colocynth consists of 75 per 
cent, seed and 25 per cent, pulp; how much drug is 
required to make one pound compound extract of colo- 
cynth containing 16 per cent, of the simple extract? 

118. — If digitalis yield 25 per cent, extractive to 
diluted alcohol, how much extractive is contained in the 
official tincture ? 

119. — Tincture of digitalis is 10 times the strength of 
the infusion, and the extract is 26 times the strength of 
the tincture; how much tincture, infusion, fluid extract, 
extract, and abstract, respectively, must be taken to rep- 
resent 66 grains of the crude drug? 

120.— How much extract of nux vomica ought to be 
obtained on evaporating 800 C.c. of the fluid extract? 

121. — How much glycerin by volume is contained in 
100 C.c. of the official fluid extract of krameria? 

122. — Hyoscyamus yields 22 per cent, extractive to 
the official menstruum for its fluid extract; how much 
solid extract should remain upon evaporation of 40 C.c. 
of the fluid extract? 

123. — a) What quantity of fluid extract of nux vomica 
corresponds in medicinal value to 10 Gm of the tincture ? 
b) and how much of the abstract is equivalent to 1 grain 
of the solid extract if the yield of solid extract from the 
crude drug be 12^ per cent? 

124. — If opium yield 60 per cent, extractive to diluted 
alcohol, what would be the amount of extractive in 60 
grains of the tincture ? 



16 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

125. — If a moist opium containing 10 per cent, mor- 
phine be dried, and is found to lose 20 per cent, of 
moisture in drying, what will be the percentage of mor- 
phine in the dried opium ? 

126. — If the yield of solid extract from nux vomica 
be 12^ per cent., how much of the drug will be required 
to make 100 ounces of the extract ? 

127. — If the yield of resin of podophyllum be 1.50 
per cent., how much mandrake will be required to make 
one pound of the resin? 

128. — How much morphine is contained: a) in one 
ounce tincture of opium made from powdered opium 
containing 13^ per cent, morphine ? b) in 1 Gm tincture 
made from an opium containing 12 per cent, morphine? 

129. — How much opium of 12 per cent, morphine 
strength and how much of 15 per cent, morphine strength 
must be taken to make: a) 1 pound opium containing 
13^ per cent, morphine? b) 500 Gm opium containing 
14 per cent, morphine ? 

130. — Physostigma yields 3 percent, extractive to the 
official alcohol, but 12 per cent, to a much weaker alco- 
holic menstruum; if the dose of the former extract be 
T x o grain, what is the dose of the other, assuming that 
both menstrua will extract the whole of the active con- 
stituents ? 

131. — State the amount of solid extract yielded by 
one pound tincture of physostigma on the assumption 
that the crude drug yields 3 per cent, alcoholic extractive. 

132. — How much fluid extract, tincture, and abstract 
of podophyllum, respectively, will be about equivalent 
to 1 Gm of the resin? 



PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS. 17 

133.— How much squill is represented by one drachm 
of the syrup? 

134. — How much fluid extract of senna is equivalent 
to 10 Gni of the syrup of senna, assuming that the 
cathartin is not injured by the heat employed in either 
preparation ? 

135. — How much tincture of stramonium equals 10 
C.c. of the fluid extract? 

130.— How much rhubarb is required to make one 
pound of the official tincture? 

137. — How much morphine sulphate is contained in 
10 grains of the Purvis Morphinee Compositus ? 

138. — How much ferric chloride (anhydrous) is con- 
tained in one drachm tincture of ferric chloride ? 

139. — How much rhubarb is represented by one ounce 
of the official aromatic syrup of rhubarb ? 

140. — If the dose of the tincture of veratrum viride 
is 6 grains, what is the dose of the fluid extract ? 

141.— How much tartrate of antimony and potassium 
is contained in: — a) one drachm compound syrup of 
squill ? b) one fluid drachm of the same syrup ? 

142. — How much elaterin is required to make one 
ounce of the " trituration" ? 

143. — How much morphine sulphate is required to 
make 10 Gm "trituration" ? 

144. — How much official syrup can be made from ten 
pounds of sugar? 

145. — How much fluid extract of coto bark can be 
made from 3 pounds of the drug ? 

146. — How much quebraccho bark is required to make 
24 fluid ounces of the fluid extract ? 



18 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

147. — How much aloes is represented by 3 Gm of the 
tincture ? 

148. — How much tincture of aloes is equivalent to 
10 grains of the drug ? 

149,. — How much tincture of opium represents 1 grain 
of powdered opium ? 

150. — How much camphorated tincture of opium 
represents 1 grain of opium? 

151. — How much arsenous oxide is represented by 20 
minims of Fowler's solution ? 

152. — How much Donovan's solution represents the 
therapeutic value of -£% g ram of arsenous oxide ? 

153.— How much glycerin and how much extractive 
are contained in tincture of nut-gall, the drug yielding 60 
per cent, of extractive to diluted alcohol ? 

154. — What is the minimum amount of total alka- 
loids that should be found in: — a) 1,000 grains tincture 
of cinchona ? b) 1 ounce fluid extract of cinchona ? 

155. — State the amount of quinine that ought to be 
contained in 60 grains extract of cinchona, the yield of 
extract from the bark being 14 per cent. 

156. — If mix vomica contain 3 per cent, total alkaloids, 
what should be the amount of total alkaloids found in: 
a) 1 ounce of the official tincture ? b) 10 grains of the 
official extract? c) 1 fluid drachm of the fluid extract? 

157. — Assuming that aconite root contains 0.50 per 
cent, alkaloids, that the yield of alcoholic extract is 16 
per cent., and that the initial adult dose of that extract is 
^ grain; and assuming further that aconite leaf contains 
0.05 per cent, total alkaloids and yields 20 per cent, ex- 
tract ; — what will be the inital dose of extract of aconite 
leaf? 



PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS. 19 

158. — a) What materials are required to make 1 pound 
syrup of phosphate of iron with quinine and strychnine, 
and b) how much strychnine is contained in 6 Gm of the 
preparation ? 

159. — What materials are required for 1 pound syrup 
of the hypophosphites, and how much of total hypophos- 
phites is contained in 100 grains of it ? 



Enumerate the materials and state what quantity of 
each is required for preparing: — 
160. — 5 pounds ointment. 
161. — 1 kilogram elixir of orange. 
162. — 1 pound mucilage of acacia. 
163. — 1 pound mucilage of tragacanth. 
164. — 5 pounds mercurial ointment. 
165. — 2 ounces chloroform mixture. 
166. — 8 ounces aromatic powder. 
167. — 1 ounces Dover's powder. 
168. — 500 Gm compound rhubarb powder. 
169. — 1 liter aromatic spirit of ammonia. 
170. — 2 pounds syrup of rhubarb. 
171. — 1 pound aromatic syrup of rhubarb. 
172. — 5 pounds compound syrup of sarsaparilla. 
173. — 200 Gm vinegar of opium. 
171. — 500 Gm cantharidal cerate. 
175. — 1 pound cerate. 
176. — 1 pound confection of senna. 
177. — 20 ounces compound decoction of sarsaparilla. 
178. — 150 Gm belladonna plaster. 
179. — 1 pound adhesive plaster. 

180. — 5 pints compound fluid extract of sarsaparilla. 
181. — 300 C.c. aromatic fluid extract. 



20 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Enumerate the materials and state what quantity of 
each is required for preparing: — 

182. — 8 ounces infusion of digitalis. 
183. — 4 ounces compound infusion of senna. 
184. — 1 pound liniment of ammonia. 
185. — 2 pounds ointment of zinc oxide. 
186. — 4 ounces oleate of mercury. 



187. — 1 pound mistura rhei et sodae. 

188. — 3 kilograms tinctura aloes. 

189. — 500 Gm tinctura saponis viridis. 

190. — 1 pound tinctura lavendulae composita, 

191. — 2 pounds tinctura zingiberis. 

192. — 1 pound syrupus scillae compositus. 

193. — 2 ounces pulvis glycyrrhizae compositus. 

194. — 1 pound tinctura catechu composita. 

195. — 4 pounds tinctura gentians composita. 

196. — 2 pounds tinctura cinchonae composita. 

197. — 8 ounces extractum colocynthidis compositum. 

198. — 4 ounces linimentum calcis. 

199. — 100 Gm linimentum eamphorae. 

200. — 4 pounds linimentum saponis. 

201. — 1 pint liquor potassii arsenitis. 

202. — 500 C.c. liquor arseni et hydrargyri iodidi. 

203. — 1 pound tinctura rhei aromatica. 

204. — 1 pound tinctura Valerianae ammoniata. 

205. — 50 Gm massa copaibae. 

206. — 1 pound massa hydrargyri. 

207. — 2 ounces mistura cretae composita. 

208. — 500 Gm tinctura cardamomi composita. 

209. — 1 gallon Labarraque's solution. 

210. — 4 ounces citrine ointment. 



PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTIONS. 21 

Enumerate the materials and state what quantity of 
each is required for preparing: — 
211. — 4 ounces cold cream. 
212. — 4 pounds paregoric elixir. 
213. — 2 pounds laudanum. 
214. — 1 pound brown mixture. 
215. — 4 ounces Vallet's mass. 
216. — 8 ounces Griffith's mixture. 
217. — 4 ounces Basham's mixture. 
218. — 8 ounces Dewee's carminative. 
219. — 1 pound Friar's balsam. 
220. — 1 kilogram tincture of iron. 
221. — 1 ounce iodine ointment. 



PART III. 

SPECIFIC WEIGHT AND SPECIFIC 
VOLUME. 

222. — What are the differences between universal 
gravity, weight, and specific weight ? 

223. — A piece of metal weighs 7 ounces; the same 
volume of water weighs 1 ounce: what is the specific 
weight of the metal? 

224. — A piece of metal weighs 6,445.380 grains when 
weighed in air; when weighed suspended in water its 
apparent weight is 5,585.996 grains; its bulk is 3.40 
cubic inches : what is the specific weight of the metal ? 
and what is the weight of a cubic inch of water ? 

225. — A piece of brass weighs 480 grains in air, 420 
grains in water, and 400 grains in a solution of sugar: 
what is the volume of 500 Gm of that solution? 

226. — One liter of water at 4° C. weighs, in vacao y 
one kilogram; does it weigh more or less than 1,000 Gm 
when weighed in air ? 

227. — Which is the heavier, a kilogram weight of 
brass or a kilogram weight of platinum when both are 
weighed in a vacuum ? 

228. — Which is really heavier, a pound of wood or a 
pound of lead ? 

229. — What is the difference between true and appa- 
rent weight ? 

22 



SrECIFIC WEIGHT. 23 

230. — What is the difference between true and avpa- 
rent specific weight? 

231. — State the law of Archimedes? 

232. — A solid measuring 0.1 cubic decimeter is 
weighed first in vacuo, then in air, and lastly in water; 
one cubic inch of air weighs 0.3 grains, and a cubic inch 
of water 252.50 grains. 

Find: — 

a) The difference between the weight of that 

solid in vacuo and its weight in air? 

b) The difference between its weight in air and 

its weight in water ? 

233.- — The weight of air and of water being assumed 
to be as stated in problem 232, what is the weight of a 
cubic inch of metal having the specific weight 10.000? 

234. — A ten dollar gold coin weighs 258 grains in air; 
assuming its specific weight to be 18.30, what is its 
apparent loss of weight when weighed suspended in 
water ? 

235. — A one-thousand grain pycnometer holds 720 
grains of ether; what is the specific weight of the ether? 

236. — A bottle holds 480 grains of water, but 576 
grains of nitric acid; what is the specific weight of that 
nitric acid? 

237. — If twenty imperial fluid ounces of a liquid 
weigh 1\ avoirdupois pounds, what is the specific weight 
of that liquid ? 

238.— A fluid ounce of alcohol at 22 °C. weighs 373 
grains, and a fluid ounce of water at the same tempera- 
ture weighs 455 grains; what is the specific weight of 
that alcohol referred to water at 22 °C. as = 1.000? And 
will the number expressing its specific gravity be greater 



24 PHAEMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

or less when referring to water at 22 °C. as unit, than 
when referring to water at 15°C.c. as unit? 

239. — A liter of diluted alcohol weighs 925 Gm; 
what is the sp. w. of that alcohol? 

240. — A liter of glycerin weighs 1,250 Gm; what is 
its sp. w. ? 

241. — The sp. w. of chloroform being 1.500, what is 
the weight of 900 C.c. ? 

242.-— What is the weight of one liter of any liquid 
having the sp. w. 0.750? 

243.— What is the volume of 370 Gm of any liquid 
of 0.800 sp. w.? 

244. — If an imperial gallon of sulphuric acid weigh 
18.35 avoirdupois pounds, what is the volume of 1,000 
Gm of that acid expressed in C.c. ? 

245. — If a piece of metal weigh 9 ounces in the air, 
8 ounces in water, and 8.10 ounces in oil, what is the 
specific volume of that oil ? 

246. — If a bottle hold one-half ounce of water, but 
will hold five drachms of a certain solution of sodium 
carbonate, what is the sp. w. of that solution? 

247. — If a piece of metal which has a bulk of 16.17 
cubic inches be found to weigh 347,624.55 grains in air, 
and 306,839.75 grains in water, what is the weight in 
grains of 1 wine-gallon of water? 

248. — If an imperial pint of syrup weigh 26 avoir- 
dupois ounces, what is the volume of 1 kilogram of that 
syrup? 

249. — If 1 part of physostigma will make 10 parts by 
weight of the tincture, the menstruum used being alcohol 
of 0.820 sp. w., how many Gm of physostigma will be 
required to make two liters of the tincture ? 



SPECIFIC WEIGHT. 25 

250. — If one gallon of ether and one-half gallon of 
chloroform have the same weight, and two pints of chlo- 
roform weigh the same as three pints of water, what is 
the sp. w. of the ether? 

251. — If the sp. w. of oil of vitriol be twice that of 
olive oil, and if one liter of olive oil weigh 917 Gm, 
what is the weight of 500 C.c. of oil of vitriol? 

252. — If a solid weigh 75 ounces, and the same vol- 
ume of water 10 ounces, what is the apparent weight of 
that solid when weighed suspended in water? 

253. — If a bullet weigh 13 ounces in air and 12 
ounces in water, what will it appear to weigh in a liquid 
having 1.40 sp. w. ? 

254. — If a pound of water measure 15| fluid ounces, 
and a pound of a certain solution 7^-J- fluid ounces, 
what is the specific volume of that solution? 

255. — What number of C.c. expresses the volume of 
85.33 Gm of a liquid having 1.01 sp. vol. ? 

256. — What number of Gm expresses the weight of 
13.476 liters of a liquid having 1.100 sp. w. ? 

257. — If a graduated cylinder contain 30 C.c. of 
water, and if a solid weighing 13 Gm and dropped into 
the water raises the level of the water to 40 C.c, what is 
the sp. w. of the solid? 

258. — What is the weight of one liter solution of 
mercury nitrate, in kilograms, the sp. w. being 2.10? 

259. — Solution of citrate of iron has the sp. w. 1.26; 
what is the weight of one wine pint in avoirdupois 
ounces ? 

260. — The weight of 3 gallons of water is 400 avoir- 
dupois ounces, and the weight of 1 gallon of alcohol is 



26 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

109 avoirdupois ounces; what is the sp. w. of the 
alcohol ? 

261. — An imperial gallon of oil of peppermint weighs 
9 avoirdupois pounds ; what is its sp. w. ? 

262. — Six wine pints of solution of zinc chloride 
weighs 155.5 avoirdupois ounces. What is its sp. w. ? 

263. — The sp. w. of oil of turpentine being 0.860, 
what is the weight of 96 IT. S. fluid ounces of it, in avoir- 
dupois ounces ? 

264. — A certain bottle will hold 100 ounces of glyce- 
rin; how many ounces will it hold of: — a) ether? b) 
water? c) chloroform? d) syrup? e) alcohol? f ) solution 
of chloride of iron? 

265. — If a crystal weighs 10 Gm in air, and 9 Gm 
in oil of turpentine, the sp. w. of that oil being 0.860, 
what is the sp. w. of the crystal ? 

266. — A piece of cork is found to weigh 0.732 Gm 
when weighed in air; a piece of metal weighs 7.7 Gm in 
air, but only 6.6 Gm in water; the cork and metal tied 
together and weighed in water are found to weigh 4.182 
Gm: what is the sp. w. of the cork? 

267. — Which is the greater, the sp. w. of acetic acid 
referring to water at 4°C. as unit, or the sp. w. of the 
same acid referring to water at 15 °C. as unit? 

268.— A certain liquid at 39. ° 2 F. has the sp. w. 1.200 
referring to water at 22 °C. as unit; will the number 
expressing its sp. w. at 60° P., referring to water at 4°C. 
as unit, be greater or less than 1.200? 

269. — The weight of one liter of water at 4°C. is 
15,424 grains; but the weight of 500 C.c. of water at 
22 °C. is 7,696 grains, a) What is the sp. w. of water at 
22 °C. referring to water 4°C. as unit? and b) what is 



SPECIFIC WEIGHT SPECIFIC VOLUME. 27 

the sp. w. of water at 4°C. referring to water at 22 °C. 
as = 1.000? 

270. — An imperial gallon of water at 62 °F., barom- 
eter at 30 inches, weighs 70,000 grains; a) does it weigh 
more or less at 15°C. ? and b) does it weigh more or less 
when the atmospheric pressure is greater ? 

271. — A cubic inch of water at 22°C. weighs 252.5 
grains. What is the weight of one wine gallon of an 
alcohol having 0.860 sp. w., referring to water at 22 °C. 
as = 1.000? 

272. — What is the weight at 15°. 55 C. of: — 

a) 1 liter official alcohol ? 

b) 1 wine pint official alcohol ? 

c) 1 imperial gallon official alcohol ? 

d) 1 imperial pint official diluted alcohol ? 

e) 1 wine pint official diluted alcohol ? 
273.— What is the volume, at 22°C, of:— 

a) 1 kilogram official alcohol ? 

b ) 3 avoirdupois pounds official alcohol ? 

c) 16 U. S. Apothecaries' ounces of alcohol ? 

d) 1 wine pint of water ? 

274. — What is the volume of 100 troy ounces of oil 
of 0.9 sp. w., if one cubic inch of water weighs 252.5 
grains ? 

275. — A liquid has the sp. w. 0.95; what is its sp. vol? 
276. — The sp. vol. of a liquid is 0.80; what is its sp. w. ? 
277. — What is the specific volume corresponding to 
each of the following specific weights, respectively: — 
a) 1.000? b) 1.250? c) 1.333? 
d) 0.500? e) 0.750? f) 0.800? 
g) 2.000? h) 0.720? i) 0.820? 
k) 1.500? 1)1.300? m) 1.320? 



28 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

278. — What are the specific volumes, respectively, of : 
— a) alcohol ? b) diluted alcohol ? c) ether ? d) solution 
of ferric citrate? e) solution of subacetate of lead? f ) 
solution of chloride of iron ? 

279.— What is the volume of 1,000 Gm of a liquid 
having the sp. vol. 1.20? 

280. — Wliat is the volume, in imperial fluid ounces, of 
100 avoirdupois ounces of a liquid having the sp. vol, 
0.800? 

281. — What is the volume in U. S. fluid ounces of 25 
avoirdupois ounces of a liquid having the sp. vol. 1.000? 

282. — What number of C.c. expresses the volume of 
85 Gm of a liquid having the sp. w. 1.01 ? 

283. — W T hat number of C.c. expresses the volume of 
85 Gm of a liquid having the sp. vol. 1.01 ? 

284. — What number of Gm expresses the weight of 
85 C.c. of a liquid having the sp. w. 1.01? 

285.- — What number of Gm expresses the weight of 
85 C.c. of a liquid having the sp. vol. 1.01? 

286. — What is the weight of one U. S. Apothecaries' 
fluid ounce of each of the following named liquids: — 
a) water ? b ) alcohol ? c) diluted alcohol ? d) syrup ? f ) 
glycerin? g) ether? h) stronger ether? i) chloroform? 
k) sulphuric acid? 1) nitric acid? 



What materials, and quantities of each, are required 
for preparing: — 

287.— 1 gallon syrup. 

288. — 1 pint spirit of ethen 

289.— 1 liter diluted sulphuric acid. 

290. — 1 quart diluted phosphoric acid. 

291. — 1 gallon diluted acetic acid. 



SPECIFIC WEIGHT SPECIFIC VOLUME. 29 

What materials, and quantities of each, are required 
for preparing: — 

292. — 12 fluid ounces tincture of ferric acetate. 

293. — 1 pint tincture of feme chloride. 

294. — 100 fluid ounces solution of normal ferric sul- 
phate. 

295. — i; gallon diluted alcohol. 

296. — 1 liter diluted hydrochloric acid. 

297. — 1 pint solution of ferric citrate. 

298. — 8 fluid ounces solution of subsulphate of iron. 

299. — 500 C.c. solution of mercuric nitrate. 

300. — 1 quart solution of subacetate of lead. 

301.— 1 pint solution of zinc chloride. 

302. — 1 quart mucilage. 

303. — 1 liter solution of ferric chloride. 

304. — 1 pint solution of ferric acetate. 

305. — 1 gallon tincture of opium (sp. w. 0.935). 

306. — 1 quart aromatic sulphuric acid. 

307. — 1 gallon solution of potassa. 

308. — 1 liter aromatic spirit of ammonia. 

309. — How much ferric chloride is contained in 1 
fluid drachm of the official tincture of chloride of iron ? 

310. — How much acetate of iron is contained in 20 
minims of the official tincture ? 

311. — How many grains of morphine should be found 
in one U. S. fluid ounce of the official tincture of opium 
prepared from powdered opium containing 16 per cent, 
morphine and having t).935 sp. w. ? 

312. — How many grains of morphine should be found 
in a tincture made from powdered opium containing 13 \ 
per cent, morphine and having the sp. w. 0.935? 



PART IV. 

CORRECTIONS FOR TEMPERATURE— 
BEAUME'S HYDROMETERS, AND THE 
THERMOMETRIC SCALES OF CELSIUS 
AND FAHRENHEIT. 

313. — If the alcoholometer when placed in a jar of 
alcohol indicates 60 per cent, at a temperature of 55 °R, 
what is the percentage strength of that alcohol at the 
standard temperature of the Revenue Service ? 

314 — -If the sp. w. of alcohol taken at 15°C. be 
0.870, what is the sp. w. at 22°C. ? 

315. — If the sp. w. of alcohol observed at 20°C. be 
0.889, what would be its sp. w. at 15 °C. ? 

316. — If the sp. w. of an ammonia solution at 21 °C. 
be 0.900, a) what is its sp. w. at 15 °C. ? and b) at 14°C. ? 

317. — If alcohol at 22 °C, when tested by the alcho- 
holometer, appears to be 20 degrees above proof, what is 
its real strength in degrees proof by the standard of the 
Revenue Service? 

318. — If the observed sp. w. of hydrochloric acid be 
1.14 at 22°C, what is its sp. w. at 15°C. ? 

319. — If the observed sp. w. of nitric acid be 1.40 at 
18°C, what is its sp. w. at 22°C. ? 

320.— If the sp. w, of acetic acid at 22 °C. be 1.070, 
what is its percentage strength, and what is its sp. w. at 
15°C? 

30 



HYDROMETERS AND THERMOMETERS. 31 

321. — If the observed sp. w. of a sulphuric acid at 
21 °C. be 1.700, what is its sp. w. at 18 °C. ? 

BEAUME'S HYDROMETERS. 

322. — Reduce 20 degrees of Beaume's acidometer to 
sp. w. 

323. — Reduce 16 degrees of Beaurne's spirit hydrom- 
eter to sp. w. ? 

324. — Reduce 30 degrees of Beaume's spirit hydrom- 
eter to sp. w. ? 

325. — Reduce 40 degrees of Beaume's acidometer to 
sp. w. ? 

326. — Reduce sp. w. 1.42 to degrees Beaume? 

327. — Reduce 0.720 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

328. — Reduce 0.960 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

329. — Reduce 1.250 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

330. — Reduce 0.900 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

331. — Reduce 0.860 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

332. — Reduce 1.160 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

333. — Reduce 1.843 sp. w. to Beaume degrees? 

334. — Reduce 26° Beaume's spirit hydrometer to 
sp. w. ? 

THERMOMETER SCALES. 

335.— Reduce 300° C. to degrees F. ? 
336.— Reduce 140° F. to degrees C. ? 
337.— Reduce 70° C. to degrees F. ? 
338.— Reduce 17° C. to degrees F. ? 
339.— Reduce 15° C. to degrees F. ? 
340.— Reduce 15° F. to degrees C. ? 
341.— Reduce 600° F. to decrees C. ? 



32 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

342.— Reduce 20° F. to degrees C. ? 
343.— Reduce 180° F. to degrees C. ? 
344.— Reduce 10° F. to degrees C. ? 
345.— Reduce 20° C. to degrees F. ? 
346.— Reduce 4° C. to degrees F. ? 
347.— Reduce 32° F. to degrees C. ? 



PART V. 



CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULA. 

348. — Write the symbols of: — 

a) aluminium, b) arsenic, c) iron, 
d) bismuth, e) gold, f ) lead ? 

349. — Write the names of the elements represented 
by:— a) Sb, b) Zn, c) Mg, d) O, e) Sr? 

350. — Write the names of the elements represented 
by:— a)N, b) Bi, c) Pb, d) Ag, e) Na? 

351. — Write the symbols for: — a) potassium, b) nitro- 
gen, c) boron, d) manganese, e) carbon ? 

352. — Write the names of the elements represented 
by:— a)H, b) Br, c) Hg, d) Ca, e) P, f) I? 

353. — Write the symbols for: — a) copper, b) calcium, 
c) sodium, d) magnesium, e) chromium, f) cobolt, (g pla- 
tinum ? 

354. — Write the symbols for: — a) lithium, b) bromine, 

c) tin, d) antimony, e) silver? 

355. — Write the formulae for the molecules of: — 

a) hydrogen, b) oxygen, c) calcium, d) chlorine, e) bro- 
mine, f) nitrogen, g) mercury, h) cadmium, i) phosphorus. 

356. — What is the valence of: — a) CI, Ag, K, and H; 

b) O, S, Ca, Zn, Hg and Cu; c) C, Al, Pb, Si, and Sn; 

d) N, P, As, Sb, and Bi; e) Mn, Fe, Cr and Co? 

357. — State the basicity of: — a) hydrochloric acid; 
b) hydrocyanic acid; c) sulphuric acid; d) phosphoric 

3 33 



34 PHAEMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

acid; e) tartaric acid; f) acetic acid; g) citric acid; 
h) pyrophosphoric acid; i) nitric acid; k) chloric acid; 
1) salicylic acid? 



358. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 
a) hydrochloric acid, b) ozone, 
c) potassium iodide, d) lead oxide. 
e) silver chloride, f ) mercurous chloride. 

359. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 
a) carbon dioxide, b) arsenous oxide, 
c) water, d) sulphurous anhydride. 

360. — Write the molecular formulae for:— 
a) ammonia, b) carbon monoxide, 
c) nitrogen tetroxide, d) ferric oxide, 
e) calcium oxide ? 

361. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) mercurous iodide, b) mercurous chloride, 
c) mercuric chloride, d) mercuric oxide, 
e) silver oxide, f) bismuthous oxide? 

362. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) potassium hydrate, b) ferric chloride, 
c) aluminium hydrate, d) ferric hydrate, 
e) calcium hydrate ? 

363. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) antimonious oxide, b) arsenous oxide, 
c) antimony sulphide, d) silver nitrate, 
e) sodium carbonate. 

364. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) calcium carbonate, b) potassium bicarbonate, 
c) ferrous sulphate, d) cupric sulphate ? . 



CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE. 35 

365. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 
a) alum, b) arainonium carbonate, 
c) sodium phosphate, d) Rochelle salt, 
e) potassium bitartrate? 

366. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) bismuth subnitrate, 

b) sodium pyrophosphate, 

c) tartrate of antimony and potassium, 

d) ferrocyanide of potassium? 
367. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) methane, b) alcohol, 

c) sulphuric acid, d) acetic acid, 

e) starch, f) cane sugar, 
g) ether, h) chloroform. 

368. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) glycerin, b) salicylic acid, 

c) citric acid, d) tartaric acid, 

e) oleic acid, f) phenol? 
369. — Write the molecular formulae for: — 

a) sodium salicylate, b) lithium benzoate, 

c) ammonium valerate, d) zinc sulphocarbolate, 

e) morphine, f) quinine? 



370. — What substances are represented by the form- 
ulae: — 

a) Ag 2 , b) CaBr 2 , c) NaOH, d) PbO. 
e) Hgl 2 , f) HgO, g) CaC0 3 ? 
371. — What substances are represented by: — 
a) NaHC0 3 , b)HN0 3 , c) CN, 
d) Fe 2 (OH) 6 , e) C 2 H.OH, f) ZnS0 4 ? 



36 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

372. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) Ca(OH) 2 , b) Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, 

c) Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , d) NA, 

e)HgCl,, f) NH 4 OH? 
373. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) Sb 2 S 3 , b) Pb(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .3HA 

c) NaCIO, d) P 2 0., 

e)PbS0 4 , f) Hg 2 Cl 2 ? 
374. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O, b) H 3 B0 3 , 

c) Na 4 As 2 d., d) Na 4 P 2 7 . 10H 2 O, 

e) C 6 H 9 N0 2 5 , 

f) (ZnC0 3 ) 2 .3Zn(OH) 2 ? 

375. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) K 2 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 .24HA 

b) C 5 H„OH, c) (C 2 H 5 )A 

d) FeSo 4 .7H 2 0, e) NH 4 C1? 

376. — What substances are represented by: — 
a) HC 7 H 3 2 , b) CaS 2 3 , 

c) Na 2 C0 3 .2H 2 0, d) Hg 2 S0 4 , 
e)K 2 Mn0 4 , f)K 2 Mn 2 O s ? 

377. — What substances are represented by: — 
a) Al 2 3 .3NaA b) Ca(H 2 PO,) 2 , 

c) KSbOC 4 H 4 6 .H 2 0, 

d) Na 2 S,0 3 .5H,0, e) KC10 3 , 
f) 2SbCl 3 .5Sb 2 3 , 
g)CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 ? 

378. — What substances are represented by: — 
a) C 6 B;OH, b) H 2 C 4 H 4 6 , 
c) H,C 2 4 , d) HC 2 H 3 2 , e) H 3 C 6 H 5 7 , 
f)HC 16 H 33 2 , g)SbCl 3 ? 



CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE. 37 

379. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) HC 7 H 5 3 , b) H,C 3 H 2 N 4 :! , 

c) H 4 P 2 7 , d) Zn(C,H„0 2 ) ; ,.H,0, 

e) (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 , 

f)C g H„N0 2 5 , g)CHCl 3 ? 
380. — What substances are represented by: — 

a) K 3 C (i H.0 7 , b) 2LiC 7 H.,0 ? H 2 0. 

c) NH 4 HC0 3 NH 4 NH 2 CcC 

d) C l7 H la N0 3 ,HC 2 H 3 2 3H 2 0, 

e) (C 2(1 H 24 N 2 2 ),H 2 S0 4 .15H,0 ? 



PART VI. 



ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS. 



State the atomic weights of: 
381. — a) chlorine, 

c) hydrogen, 

e) oxygen, 

g) lithium, 
382. — a) carbon, 

c) bismuth, 

e) magnesium, 

g) silver, 

a) nitrogen, 

c) phosphorus, 

e) sulphur, 

g) copper, 



383.- 



b) iodine, 
d) iron, 
f) sodium, 
h) arsenic, 
b) calcium, 
d) lead, 
f) mercury, 
h) antimony, 
b) oxygen, 
d) potassium, 
f) zinc, 
h) aluminium. 



State the molecular weights of :- 



384— a) H 2 0, 

d) KOH, 
385.— a) HC1, 

d) Fe 2 (So 4 ) 3 , 
f)NH/)H, 

386.— a) As,0 3 , 

c) KCIO3, 

e) H 3 P0 4 , 
387.— a) NaCl, 

d) Fe 2 (OH) 6 , 



b)NH 3 , 

e) NaOH, 

b) H 2 S0 4 , 

e) HgCh, 

g) FeCl 2 .4H 2 
b) CaCl 2 , 
d) MnO,, 

f) NH 4 C1. 

b) CuSo 4 5H 2 0, 

38 



c) CaO, 
f) Ca(OH) 2 . 
c) HN0 3 , 



c) CaC0 3 , 
e) K 2 Cr0 4 . 



ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS. 39 

State the molecular weights of: — 
388.— a) Na 2 HP0 4 .12H,0, 

b) Na 2 CO 3 .10H,O, 

c) NaHC0 3 , d) KHC0 3 , 

e) K i FeC 6 N,,3H 2 0, 

f) Pb(C 2 H 3 0,) 2 .3H 2 0. 
389.— a) MgSo 4 .7H 2 0, 

b) 4MgCO,.Mg(OH) 2 .5H 2 0, 

c) 3MgCo 3 .Mg(OH) 2 .4H 2 0, 

d) FeS0 4 .7H 2 0, 

e) FeS0 4 .H 2 0, 

f) Cu(N0 3 ) 2 .3H 2 0. 
390.— a) Zn(C 6 H 3 S0 4 ) 2 .H 2 0, 

b) ZnC0 3 2Zn(OH) 2 .H 2 0, 

c) Fe 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , 

d) SbCl 3 .5Sb 2 3 . 

391.— a) 4MgC0 3 .Mg(OH) 2 .4H 2 0, 

b) K 2 HAs0 3 , 

c) BiC 6 H 5 7 , 

d) CaS 2 3 , 

e) Bi(N0 3 ) 3 .5H 2 0., 

f) NH 4 C 2 H 3 2 . 



PART VII. 



CHEMICAL EQUATIONS. 

Complete the following equations: — 
392. —a) S+0,= 

b) H,+C1,= 

c) 2Zn+4HCl= 

d) CaO+C0 2 = 

e) Fe 2 +2I,= 

f) 2I 2 +2H 2 S= 
393.— a) MgBr 2 +Cl 2 = 

b) Fe 2 3 +3C= 

c) C0 2 +H,0= 

d) Fe,,+4HC1 = 

e) Zn+2HI= 

f j Cii+H 2 S0 4 = 
394— a) 2NH i OH+H 3 P0 4 = 

b) NaN0 3 +H 2 S0 4 =-- 

c) 2NaCl+H 2 S0 4 = 

d) NaN0 3 +H 2 S0 4 = 

e) 2H 2 S0 4 +Fe 2 = 

f) CaCO s +2HN0 3 = 
395.— a) 3KOH+P 4 +3H 2 0= 

b) Ca 3 (PO i ) 2 +2H 2 SO i = 

c) Na 2 S0 3 +S= 

d) Ba0 2 +H 2 C0 3 = 

e) K 2 C0 3 +SO,= 

f) 6KOH+3I 2 = 

40 



CHEMICAL EQUATIONS. 41 

396.— a) 2AgNO :1 +2KOH= 

b) MnO,+4HCl = 

c) Ca 3 P,+GHCl = 

d) 3Cu+8HN0 3 = 

e) Sb 2 S 3 +6HCl= 

f) 2NaCl+2H 2 S0 4 +Mn0 2 = 

g) 2KN0 3 +H 2 S0 4 = 
397.— a) 2NH 4 Cl+Ca(OH) 2 = 

b) P,0 5 +3H 2 0= 

c) HgO+2Cl 2 = 

d) 2NaN0 3 +H,S0 4 = 

e) 2NaOH+Cl 2 = 

f) As 2 3 +3H 2 0= 

g) NaN0 3 +H 2 S0 4 = 
398.— a) PbO+2HC,H 3 2 = 

b) 2HCN+HgO= 

c) HgCl 2 +2NH 4 OH= 

d) 6FeS0 4 +3H 2 S0 4 +2HN0 3 = 

e) Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 +(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 = 

f) K 2 Al 2 (S0 4 ) 4 +3Na 2 C0 3 +3H 2 0= 

g) 2NaCl+H 2 S0 4 = 
399.— a) Li 2 C0 3 +2HC 7 H 5 2 = 

b) 2KHC 4 H 4 6 +Sb 2 3 = 

c) 2HC 2 H 3 2 +Na 2 C0 3 = 

d) Bi,+8HN0 3 = 

e) 6FeCli,+6HCl+2HN0 8 = 

f) NH 4 NH,C0 2 +H 2 0= 

g) KBr+H 2 S0 4 = 
400.— a) Sb 2 S 3 +6NaOH= 

b) Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 +6NH 4 OH= 

c) Na 2 C0 3 +2H 2 C 4 H 4 6 = 

d) C 6 H 5 OH+H 2 S0 4 = 



42 PHARMACEUTICAL PEOBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

e) NaHC 4 H 4 6 +KC10 3 = 

f) 2KI+Pb(N0 3 ) 2 = 

g) FeBr 2 +Na 2 C0 3 = 
401.— a) 3I 2 +6KOH= 

b) 2HN0 8 +As 2 3 = 

c) 2Na 3 Sb0 3 +3H 2 S0 4 = 

d) 3C1 2 +6K0H= 

e) 2KI+(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 = 

f) 2HNO 3 +C 6 H l0 O 5 = 

g) CaCl 2 +Na 2 C0 3 = 
402.— a) 4KHC0 3 +As 2 3 = 

b) 2NaC 5 H 9 2 +ZnS0 4 = 

c) 5Na 2 C0 3 +5ZnS0 4 +3H 2 0= 

d) 2Hg(N0 3 ) 2 +2Hg= 

e) FeS0 4 +Na 2 C0 3 = 

f) CaC0 3 +2HBr= 
403.— a) FeBr 2 +Li 2 C0 3 = 

b) Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O+2HCl= 

c) 3P 4 +20HNO 3 +8H 2 O= 

d) PbS0 4 +PbS= 

e) CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 = — 

f) 2H 2 S0 4 +Hg= 
404.— a) 2Na 3 SbS 3 +3H 2 S0 4 = 

b) NH 4 HC0 3 NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 +3HC 2 H 3 2 = 

c) Ca(H 2 P0 2 ) 2 +Na 2 C0 3 = 

d) Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 +2H 2 S0 4 = 

e) Ca(OCl) 2 +CaCl 2 +2Na 2 C0 3 = 

f) Al 2 F 6 +6NaF+6CaC0 3 = 
405.— a) As 2 3 +2NaN0 3 +Na 2 C0 3 = 

b) Ca(H 2 P0 2 ) 2 +K 2 C0 3 = 

c) K 4 Fe(ON) 6 +K 2 CG 3 = 

d) NH 4 HC0 3 NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 +3HN0 3 = - 



CHEMICAL EQUATIONS. 43 

e) 2Fe 2 (OH)g+As ! A= 

f) HC 7 H.0 3 4-Na 2 C0 3 =: 
40(1— a) 2HC 7 H.0 2 +Na,C0 3 = 

b) 2KHC 4 k 4 (i +Na 2 C0 3 = 

c) 5Bi(N0 3 ) 3 +8H 2 0= 

d) 3PbO+3Pb(C 2 HA) 2 = 

e) Ca(H 2 P0 2 ) 2 +FeS0 4 = 

f) NaCl+NH 3 +C0 2 +H 2 0= 
407.— a) Na,S0 4 +CaC0 3 +C 4 = 

b) K,S 3 +CuS0 4 = 

c) NaCl+NaHS0 4 = 

d) HN0 3 +3HC1= 

e) HgS0 4 +Hg+2NaCl= 

f) Ca(C10 3 ) 2 4-2KCl= 
408.— a) NaC 2 H 3 0,+H 2 S0 4 = 

b) Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 +2H 2 S0 4 = 

c) 2K 2 Mn0 4 +Cl 2 = 

d) 3HNO 3 +C 6 H l0 O 5 = 

e) BiON0 3 .H 2 0+H 3 C 6 H 5 0.= 

f) K 2 Cr 2 7 +2H 2 S0 4 = 

409.— a) 2SbCl 3 .5Sb 2 3 +6NH 3 +3H 2 0= 

b) CaS 2 3 +Na 2 S0 4 = 

c) 2FeOCr 2 3 +4K 2 C0 3 4-70 = 

d) 3K 2 Mn0 4 +3H 2 0= 

e) 6KCN+FeC0 3 = 

f) HN0 3 +C 6 H 1() 5 = 
410.— a) 4NH 4 Cl+2CaC0 3 = 

b) CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 +Na 2 C0 3 = 

c) 3K 2 C0 3 +4S 2 = 

d) 2NaI+2H 2 S0 4 +Mn0 2 = 

e) Pb(C,H 3 2 ) 2 +ZnS0 4 = 

f) 2KHC 4 H 4 6 6 +K 2 C0 3 = 



44 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

ERRORS TO CORRECT. 

Correct any errors you may find in the following 
equations : — 

411.— a) CaO+H,0=CaHA 

b) Fe 2 3 +3H 2 =2Fe 2 +3H 2 0. 

c) P,0 5 +H,0=2HP0 3 . 

d) S0 3 +H 2 = H,S0 3 +0. 

e) 2PbO+PbS = S0 2 +3Pb. 

f) N 2 2 +0 2 =2N0 2 . 

412.— a) Zn+H,S0 4 =ZnS0 3 +H,0. 

b) 2H,0+Na 2 =2NaOH+H, 

c) Cu 2 S+CiiO=Cii 4 S0 2 . 

d) 2H 3 P0 2 =H,P0 4 +PH 4 . 

e) CaCO,=CaO+CO. 

f) KI>+AgN0 3 =AgL+KN0 3 . 
413.— a) 2KC10 3 =K,Cl+60. 

b) 3KHCO 3 +H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 = K 3 C 6 HA+3H 2 0O 3 . 

c) SboS 3 +6HCl=SboCi 6 +H 6 S 3 . 

d) AgN0 3 +NCK=CNAg+NK0 3 . 

e) ZnS0 4 +K 2 Br 2 = ZnBr 2 +K 2 +S0 4 . 

f) C0 3 Ca+H,Cl,=CaCl+C0 3 +HX!L 
414.— a) HgCl 2 +KI=HgL+KCl, 

b) 3Ag+4HN0 3 +3AgN0 3 +H,N0 2 +H 2 0. 
e) Fe 2 +H 2 So 4 =Fe 2 S0 4 +H 2 . 

d) 2Zn+ 2H 2 S0 4 +H 2 = 2ZnS0 4 + 2H 2 + H 2 0. 

e) ZnO+2HCAH 3 =Zn2CAH 3 +H,+0. 

f) 4Br 2 +8NH 4 OH=8NH 4 Br+4H 2 0+40. 
415.— a) NH 4 N0 3 =N 2 0+H 2 0. 

b) NH 4 N0 2 =N,0+H 2 . 

c) HgS0 4 +2NaCl=Na,S0 4 +Hg+Cl 2 . 

d) Zn 2 +4HCl = Zn 2 Cl 4 +H 4 . 



EKKOliS IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS. 45 

e) FeI.,+Na,C0 3 = NaL+FeC0 3 . 

f) K 2 CO :f +CaH,0=2KOH+CaC0 3 . 

416.— a) 3B r;! +8NH 3 = 6NH 4 Br+K, 

b) Na 2 CO a 4-S0 2 =Na 2 S0 2 +C0 3 . 

c) Na a C0 8 -fC0 2 4-H 2 0=Na 2 (C0 3 ) 2 +H 2 . 

d) KHC0 3 =K 2 C0 3 +HO+C0 3 . 

e) NaN0 3 +NaHS0 4 = Na 2 S0 4 +HN0 3 . 

f) FeBr,+K 2 C0 3 =FeC0 3 +2KBr. 

417.— a) HgS0 4 +Hg=Hg 2 S+20 2 . 

b) 2Hg(N0 3 ) 2 =2Hg0 2 +2N 2 4 . 

c) 3CaO+3S 2 =2CaS 2 +CaS 2 3 . 

d) NH i N0 3 =(NO) 2 +2H 2 . 

e) FeS+H 2 S0 4 =FeS0 4 +H 2 S. 

f) 2S0 2 +N 2 4 =2S0 4 +N 2 . 

418.— a) Na 2 C0 3 +CaH,0,=2NaO+CaH 2 C0 3 . 

b) HgCl+2KOH=HgO+2KCl. 

c) 2Fe4-4C 3 H 6 3 =2Fe(C 3 H 5 3 ) 2 +4H. 

d) Hg 2 S0 4 +2NaCl=(HgCl) 2 +Na 2 S0 4 . 

e) Fe(S0 4 ) 3 +6NH 4 OH=Fe 2 (H 2 0) 3 +3(NH 3 ) 2 

S0 4 +3H 2 0. 

f) Hg+2H,S0 4 =HgS0 4 +S0 2 +H,0. 
419.— a) 9HN0 3 +4Zn=4Zn(N0 3 ) 2 +3H 2 0+NH 3 . 

b) C 7 H 6 2 +NH s O=NH 4 C 7 H 5 2 +H 2 0. 

c) 5MgS0 4 + 5Na 2 C0 3 +H 2 = MgOMg 4 (C0 3 ) 4 

+5Na 2 S0 4 +H 2 C0 3 . 

d) Li 2 C0 3 +2C 7 H 6 3 = 2LiC.H 5 3 +H 2 0+C0 2 . 

e) Na s C0 3 +2H 2 S0 3 =2NaHS0 2 4-C0 8 +H 2 0. 

f) 2KBr0 3 +3C,=2KC0 3 +Br 2 . 

420.— a) 3Ca(P0 3 ) 2 + IOC = Ca 3 P 2 4 + 10CO 2 + P 4 . 

b) FeS0 4 +2NaHC0 3 =NaS0 4 +FeC0 2 +H 2 
+CO,. 



46 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

c) 3Li 2 +C0 3 +2H 3 C 6 H.O T = 2Li 3 C 6 H 5 0.+3H 3 

0+3C0 2 . 

d) Na 2 Si0 3 +2HCl = Si0 3 +2NaCl+H 2 . 

e) KHC0 3 +HC 2 H 3 2 =KC 2 H 3 2 +C0 2 +H 2 0. 

f) 4H 2 S0 4 +C 2 =4SO,+2CO+4H 2 0. 
421. —a) Na i As 2 0.+15H 2 0=2Na 2 HAs0 4 . 7 H 2 0. 

b) 2P 4 +3Ca(OH) 2 +6H 2 0= 3Ca(H. 2 P0 2 ) 2 + 

2PH 3 . 

c) 12SbCl 3 +15H 2 O=Sb 2 Cl 6 .5Sb 3 O 3 +30HCl. 

d) 2K 2 CrO i +H 2 SO i =K 2 Cr 2 7 +K 2 S0 4 +H 2 0. 

e) 2CaS 2 +CaS 2 3 +6HCl = 3CaCl 2 +6S+ 

3H 2 0. 

f) KCl+3Ca(OH) 2 +3Cl 2 =3CaCl 2 +H 2 0+ 

KC10 3 . 
422.— a) (NHA 2 CS 3 +2HC1=2NH 4 C1+H 2 CS 3 . 

b) 2KHC0 3 + As 2 3 +H 2 0= 2KH 2 As0 3 +2C0 2 . 

c) 3Ca(OCl),= 2CaCl 2 +Ca(C10 3 ),. 

d) 3Mn0 2 +6KOH+KC10 3 = 3K>Mn0 4 +KCl 

+3H 2 0. 

e) 5NaH 2 P0 2 = Na 4 P,0.+NaP0 3 + 2PH 3 + 

2H 2 0. 

f) Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 +2HCl=HgCl 2 +2HNO : , 



PART V I I I 



SYNTHETICAL PROBLEMS IN PHARMA- 
CEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. 

423. — How much oxygen is contained in one pound 
mercuric oxide? 

424. — How much oxygen, by weight, can be obtained 
by heating 100 Ghai KC10 3 ? How much will that 
oxygen measure? What is the residue? 

425. — What amount of hydrogen, by weight, can be 
obtained from 32 troy ounces of water? 

426. — How much hydrogen gas, by measure, will be 
obtained from 1 kilogram diluted sulphuric acid by means 
of zinc? 

427. — How much zinc will be required to displace the 
hydrogen from 1 kilogram diluted % sulphuric acid, and 
how much crystallized zinc sulphate will be obtained ? 

428. — How much zinc chloride can be made from one 
pound of zinc, and how much diluted hydrochloric acid is 
required ? 

429. — How much manganese di-oxide is consumed 
in generating 100 Gm chlorine gas? And how much 
diluted hydrochloric acid? 

430. — What is the weight of the chlorine gas 
absorbed by one liter of water, if the water takes up 1.75 
volumes ? 

431. — How much HC1 can be obtained from 100 ounces 

47 



48 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

of NaCl, and how much H 2 S0 4 is required to decompose 
the salt ? And how much sodium sulphate, counted as 
crystallized salt, remains ? 

432. — How much HN0 3 is obtained from one pound 
of sodium nitrate; and how much sulphuric acid will be 
required to decompose that amount of nitrate ? 

433. — How much diluted (U. S. P.) sulphuric acid 
can be made from one liter concentrated sulphuric acid 
of 1.835 sp. gr. ? 

434. — How much phosphorus is contained in 10 
pounds of the official phosphoric acid? And how much 
nitric acid is required to oxidize that amount of phos- 
phorus to phosphoric acid? 

435. — How much sulphurous anhydride is obtained 
from 100 Gm official sulphuric acid by heating with 
charcoal ? 

436. — How much official acetic acid can be obtained 
from one pound of sugar of lead ? How much sulphuric 
acid is required to decompose that amount of the sugar 
of lead, and what will be the weight of the lead 
sulphate ? 

437. How much of the official hydrocyanic acid can 
be made from 100 Gm ferrocyanide of potassium, and 
how much sulphuric acid will be required ? 

438. — What is the percentage of boric acid in borax? 

439. — What is the percentage of chromic acid in 
potassium bichromate ? 

440. — How much potassium citrate can be made from 
50 Gm citric acid, and how much potassium bicarbonate 
is required for it ? 

441. — What is the amount of bromine in one ounce 
of the diluted hydrobromic acid ? 



SYNTHETICAL PROBLEMS. 49 

44*2. — How much bromine is contained in one ounce 
potassium bromide? 

443. — What is the percentage of N0 3 in HN0 3 ? 

444. — What is the percentage of P0 4 in the official 
phosphoric acid? 

445. — What is the percentage H 3 P0 4 in phosphate of 
sodium ? 

446. — How much sodium bicarbonate is required to 
neutralize one drachm salicylic acid? 

447. — How much chloride of silver will be obtained 
from 10 Gm official hydrochloric acid by precipitation 
with silver nitrate? 

448. — What is the percentage of iron in Vallet's 
Mass ? In Saccharated Carbonate of Iron ? In Tincture 
of Chloride of Iron? In Griffith's Mixture? 

449. — How much arsenous oxide corresponds in 
percentage of As to 1 Gm Solution of Arsenate of 
Sodium ? 

450. — How much arsenous oxide corresponds in per- 
centage of As to 1 C.c. Fowler's Solution? 

451. — How much combined iron is contained in 100 
grains each of: — 

a) solution of normal ferric sulphate ? 

b) solution of ferric nitrate ? 

c) solution of ferric chloride? 

d) solution of ferric acetate? 

e) saccharated iodide of iron ? 

f) official ferric chloride? 

452. — How much ferrous chloride could be made from 
the amount of iron contained in one pound solution of 
ferric chloride? 

4 



50 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

453. — How much normal ammonium acetate is con- 
tained in the official solution ? 

454. — How much KOH corresponds to 100 Gm K 2 C0 3 ? 
and how much KHCCX is required to make one pound of 
a 334| per cent, solution of potassium hydrate ? 

455. — How much sodium hydrate will replace 100 
Gm KOH in precipitating mercuric oxide ? 

456. — How much of the official solution of subacetate 
of lead contains the same amount of lead as contained in 
100 Gm normal lead acetate ? 

457. — How much Fe 2 (OH) 6 will be obtained: a) from 
one pound official solution of normal ferric sulphate ? 
b ) from one pound ferric chloride ? 

458. — How much mercuric oxide is obtained from one 
pound mercuric chloride ? 

459. — What is the percentage of iodine in mercurous 
iodide ? 

460. — How much potassium iodide is theoretically 
required to decompose 100 Gm mercuric chloride ? 

461. — How much solution of feme chloride is required 
to yield the same amount of ferric hydrate that will be 
furnished by 10 pounds solution of normal ferric sul- 
phate ? 

462. — How much of the official water of ammonia 
will be theoretically required to precipitate the ferric hy- 
drate fi'om : a) one pound solution of tersulphate of iron ? 

b ) from one pound solution of ferric chloride ? c) from a 
solution made from one pound of the official ferric 
chloride ? 

463. — What is the percentage of combined iron in: 
a) citrate of iron? b) citrate of iron and ammonium? 

c) tartrate of iron and ammonium? 



SYNTHETICAL PROBLEMS. 5 L 

464. — What are the proportions of ammonium sul- 
phate and solution of normal ferric sulphate required to 
make 100 parts iron alum, and how much of the water will 
remain after the water of crystallization of the double salt 
has been taken from the solution of normal ferric 
sulphate ? 

465. — How much ferric hydrate is required to saturate 
100 parts potassium bitartrate in preparing tartrate of 
iron and potassium ? 

466. — How much ferric oxide will be obtained by 
igniting 100 parts ferrous oxalate? 

467. — How much anhydrous ferrous chloride will be 
obtained by saturating 100 parts HC1 with iron ? 

468. — What is the percentage of combined iron in: — 
a) Fe 2 3 , b) Fe 2 Cl 6 , c) Fe 2 (OH) 6 , 
d) FeSO,.H 2 0., e) Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 ? 

469. — What is the percentage of chlorine in: — 
a) HgCl 2 , b) Hg 2 Cl 2 , c) HC1, 

d) NaCl, e) Fe 2 Cl 6 .12H 2 0., f) FeCl 2 ? 

470. — What is the percentage of iodine in: — 
a) Hgl 2 , b) Hg 2 I 2 c) EI, 



d) Fel 2 , e) Fe 2 I ( 



9 



471. — How much combined mercury is contained in: 
a)*HgO, b) NH 2 HgCl, c) Hg(CN) 2 , d) (HgO) 2 HgSO„ 
e) official solution of mercuric nitrate? 

472. — How much MgS0^.7H 2 will be required to 
produce 100 parts (MgC0 3 ) 4 Mg(OH) 2 ? 

473. — How much S0 2 can be obtained from 100 
grains of :— a) K 2 S0 3 .2H 2 0, b) Na 2 S0 3 .7H 2 0, c) NaHS0 3 , 
d) MgS0 3 .6H 2 0, e) CaS0 3 ? 

474. — How much MnS0 4 .4H 2 can be made from 
100 parts Mn0 2 ? 



52 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

475. — What is the percentage of morphine in: — a) the 
sulphate, b) the acetate, c) the hydrochlorate ? 

476. — What is the amount of: — a) combined iron con- 
tained in 100 grains of the official syrup of ferrous 
iodide ? b) combined iodine ? 

477. — What is the amount of atropine contained in 
100 grains of the sulphate? 

478. — Find the percentage of bismuth in: — a) the 
subnitrate, b) the subcarbonate, c) the citrate, d) the am- 
monio- citrate ? 

479. — How much combined Br is contained in 100 
Gm of :— a) HBr, b) KBr, c) LiBr, d) FeBr 2 , e) official 
syrup of bromide of iron ? 

480. — How much CaCl 2 can be prepared from 100 
parts CaC0 3 , and how much official hydrochloric acid 
will be required ? 

481. — How much crystallized pyrophosphate of 
sodium may theoretically be made from 100 parts 
Ca,(P0 4 ) 2 ? 

482. — What is the percentage of benzoic acid in each 
of the benzoates of: — a) sodium, b) lithium, c) ammonium ? 

483. — How much chlorine water corresponds, in 
amount of CI, to : a) 1 lb solution of chlorinated soda, 
b) 1 lb chlorinated lime ? 

484. — What is the percentage of sulphur in: — 
a) sulphurated potassa, b) sulphurated lime ? 

485. — How much CHC1 3 may be obtained from 100 
parts chloral hydrate ? 

486. — What is the proportion of ferric phosphate in 
the official phosphate of iron, U.S.P., 1880? 

487. — How much precipitated ferric pyrophosphate 



SYNTHETICAL TUOBLEMS. 53 

can be made from 100 parts of the official solution of 
normal ferric sulphate? 

488. — How much monohydrated quinine can be 
obtained from 100 grains of each of: a) trihydrated qui- 
nine, b) the official sulphate, c) bisulphate, d) hydrobro- 
mate, e) valerate, f) hydrochlorate ? 

489. — What is the percentage of tartaric acid in: — 
a) cream of tartar, b) Rochelle salt ? 

490. — How much potassa alum is required to make 
100 parts aluminium hydrate ? 

491. — How much NH 3 can be obtained from 100 
parts NH.C1? 

492. — How much N 2 0, by weight and by volume, 
can be obtained by the decomposition of 100 Gm of 
NH 4 N0 3 ? 

493. — How much C0 2 , by weight and by volume, can 
be obtained from: a) 1,000 Gm CaC0 3 ; b) 1,000 Gm 
NaHC0 3 ; and c) how much water can be saturated by 
that gas under the pressure of four atmospheres ? 

494. — How much sulphuric acid containing 96 per 
cent. H 2 S0 4 ., and how much official stronger water of 
ammonia are required to make 100 parts (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 ? 

495. — How much Sb 2 3 and cream of tartar are 
required to make one pound tartar emetic ? 

496. — How much HC1 will be consumed in generating 
enough CI from HC1 and Mn0 2 to saturate one pint of 
water ? 

497. — How much AgN0 3 and KI are required to 
make one ounce Ag 2 ? 

498. — How much Ag is contained in 16 ounces AgN0 3 ? 

499. — How much Ag 2 can be obtained from 1 ounce 
AgN0 3 ? 



54 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

500. — How much Pb(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 and how much 
Pb(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 3H 2 can be made from 1,000 parts PbO? 

501. — What quantities of Pb(N0 3 ) 2 and KI are 
required to make 1,000 parts Pbl? 

502. — What quantities of official nitric acid and PbO 
are required to make 10 lbs. Pb(N0 3 ) 2 ? 

503. — How much C0 2 and how much K 2 C0 3 can be 
obtained from 100 Gm KHC0 3 ? 

504. — How much official acetic acid and KHC0 3 are 
required to make ten pounds KC 2 H 3 2 ? 

505. — How much K 2 Cr 2 7 and KHC0 3 are required 
to make 100 parts K 2 Ci<V? 

506. — How much BrFe and official ammonium car- 
bonate are required to make 100 pounds NHJBr. first 
making ferroso -ferric bromide and then decomposing that 
withNH.OH? 

507. — What is the percentage of citric acid in: — 
a) potassium citrate, b) sodium citrate, c) ammonium 
citrate ? 

508. — What amount of HCN can be obtained from 
100 grains KCN? 

509. — How much O is given up by 100 grains 
K 2 Mn 2 8 when reduced by tannin ? 

510. — How much of each of the following named 
salts correspond in saturating power to 100 Gm NaOH : — 
a) Na 2 HC0 3 , b) Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O, c) NaHC0 3 , d) air-dried 
sodium carbonate? 

511. — How much official acetic acid and Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O 
are required to make 100 Gm sodium acetate ? 

512. — How much H 3 B0 3 can be obtained from 10 lbs. 
borax ? 



SYNTHETICAL PROBLEMS. 00 

513. — How much P and Ca(OH), are required for 
making 1,000 Gm Ca(PHA) 2 ? 

514. — What percentage of H^PO^ is represented by 
CaH 4 (PO,) L ,? 

515. — What materials are required for making 100 
lbs. Xa 2 HP0 4 .12H 2 from bone ash, etc. ? 

516. — What percentage of H 2 C 7 H 4 3 is represented 
by : — a) sodium salicylate, b) lithium salicylate ? 

517. — Wliat materials are required for making 100 
parts zinc sulphocarbolate from phenol, etc. ? 

518. — How much acetic acid containing 36 per cent. 
HC 2 H 3 2 is required to convert into zinc acetate : — a) 100 
parts zinc carbonate, b) 100 parts zinc oxide ? 

519. — How much Zn and official hydrochloric acid 
are required to make 1,000 Gm ZnCl 2 ? 

520. — What other materials are necessary to make 
100 parts zinc valerate from ZnS0 4 .7H 2 0? 

521. — How much I and Zn are required to make 1 
ounce Znl 2 ? 

522. — How much ZnO can be made from: — a) 1,000 
Gm ZnS0 4 .7H 2 0? b) 1,000 Gm Zinc carbonate? 



PART IX. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopoeial latinic titles of: — 

ELEMENTS. 

523. — Chlorine; Iodine; Bromine. 
524. — Sulphur; Phosphorus; Carbon. 
525. — Arsenic; Antimony; Bismuth. 
526. — Zinc; Lead; Copper. 
527. — Gold; Silver; Mercury. 
528. — Manganese ; Iron. 

ACIDS. 

529. — Acid; Acids. 

530. — Acetic Acetic; Diluted Acetic Acid; Glacial 
Acetic Acid. 

531. — Valeric Acid; Oleic Acid; Lactic Acid. 

532. — Oxalic Acid; Tartaric Acid; Citric Acid. 

533. — Pure Phenol; Crude Phenol; Picric Acid; 
Salicylic Acid; Benzoic Acid. 

534 — Tannic Acid; Gallic Acid. 

535. — Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrobromic Acid; Hydri- 
odic Acid; Hydrocyanic Acid; Nitrohydrochloric Acid; 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid. 

536. — Nitric Acid; Diluted Nitric Acid; Sulphuric 
Acid; Aromatic Sulphuric Acid; Phosphoric Acid. 

56 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 57 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharrnacopceial latinic titles of:— 

537. — Carbonic Acid; Boric Acid. 

538. — Arsenous Anhydride; Chromic Anhydride; 
Sulphurous Anhydride. 

OXIDES, HYDRATES, SALTS, ETC. 

539. — Water; Potassium Hydrate; Sodium Hydrate; 
Ammonia. 

540. — Lime; Magnesia; Zinc Oxide. 

541. — Lead Oxide; Silver Oxide. 

542. — Red Oxide of Mercury; Yellow Oxide of 
Mercury. 

543. — Aluminium Hydrate; Black Oxide of Manga- 
nese; Antimonious Oxide. 

544. — Oxide; Hydrate. 

545. — Chloride; Iodide; Bromide; Cyanide. 

546. — Sulphide; Phosphide. 

547. — Nitrate; Nitrites. 

548. — Chlorate; Hypochlorite. 

549. — Sulphate; Sulphite; Hyposulphite. 

550. — Phosphate; Pyrophosphate; Hypophosphite. 

551. — Borate; Silicate; Carbonate; Bicarbonate. 

552. — Permanganate: Chromate; Arsenate; Arsenite. 

553. — Acetate; Valerate; Oleate; Lactate. 

554. — Oxalate; Tartrate; Bitartrate; Citrate. 

555. — Picrate; Salicylate; Benzoate. 

556. — Tannate; Santoninate. 

CHLORIDES. 

557. — Potassium, Sodium, Lithium and Ammonium 
Chloride. 



58 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopoeial latinic titles of: — 

558. — Barium, Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc Chlo- 
ride. 

559. — Calomel; Corrosive Sublimate. 

560. — Ferrous Chloride; Ferric Chloride. 

561.- -Chloride of Antimony; Oxychloride of Anti- 
mony; Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 

IODIDES. 

562. — Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Iodide. 

563. — Calcium Iodide; Zinc and Cadmium Iodide. 

564. — Lead and Silver Iodide. 

565. — Green Iodide of Mercury; Red Iodide of Mer- 
cury. 

566. — Iodide of Iron; Iodide of Arsenic; Saccha- 
rated Iodide of Iron. 

BROMIDES. 

567. — Potassium, Sodium, Lithium and Ammonium 
Bromide. 

568. — Calcium^ Magnesium, and Iron Bromide, 

CYANIDES. 

569. — Potassium, Silver, Mercury, and Zinc Cyanide. 
570. — Ferrocyanide of Potassium; Ferrocyanide of 
Iron, 

SULPHIDES. 

571. — Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Sulphide. 
572. — Mercury, Iron, and Antimony Sulphide. 
573. — Sulphurated Potassa; Sulphurated Lime; Sul- 
phurated Antimony. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 5i> 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharinacopceial latinic titles of: — 

NITRATES. 

574. — Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Nitrate; 
Barium Nitrate. 

575. — Lead, Copper, Silver, and Mercury Nitrate. 
576. — Nitrate of Iron; Subnitrate of Bismuth. 

SULPHATES. 

577. — Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Sulphate. 

578. — Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Cadmium 
Sulphate. 

579.— Copper, and Manganese Sulphate. 

580. — Sulphate of Mercury; Yellow Sulphate of 
Mercury. 

581. — Aluminium Sulphate; Aluminium and Potas- 
sium Sulphate; Aluminium and Ammonium Sulphate. 

582. — Alum; Dried Alum. 

583. — Ferrofis Sulphate; Dried Ferrous Sulphate; 
Precipitated Ferrous Sulphate. 

584. — Normal Ferric Sulphate; Basic Ferric Sulphate; 
Iron Alum. 

SULPHITES. 

585. — Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium 
Sulphite. 

PHOSPHATES. 

586. — Sodium, and Ammonium Phosphate. 
587. — Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium. 
588. — Blue Phosphate of Iron; White Phosphate of 
Iron; Soluble Phosphate of Iron. 



60 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopceial latinic titles of: — 

# PYROPHOSPHATES. 

589. — Pyrophosphate of Sodium; Precipitated Pyro- 
phosphate of Iron; Soluble Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

HYPOPHOSPHITBS. 

590. — Potassium, Sodium. Lithium, and Ammonium 
Hypophosphite. 

591. — Calcium, Magnesium. Manganese, and Iron 
Hypophosphite. 

CARBONATES. 

592. — Potassium Carbonate; Sodium Carbonate: 
Dried Sodium Carbonate. 

593. — Lithium Carbonate; Ammonium Carbonate. 

594. — Precipitated Calcium Carbonate: Magnesium 
Carbonate: Zinc Carbonate. 

595. — Lead Carbonate; Subcarbonate of Iron; Sac- 
charated Carbonate of Iron; Subcarbonate of Bismuth. 

596. — Bicarbonate of Potassium: Bicarbonate o| 

Sodium. 

ACETATES. 

597. — Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Acetate. 

598. — Zinc, Lead, and Copper Acetate. 

599. — Acetate of Iron; Subacetate of Copper. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

600. — Phosphide of Zinc; Nitrite of Potassium. 

601. — Hypochlorite of Potassium; Hyposulphite of 
Sodium. 

602. — Borax; Potassium Permanganate; Chromate 
and Bichromate of Potassium. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 61 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopoeial latinic titles of: — 

603. — Arsenate of Sodium; Arsenate £>f Iron; Arse- 
nite of Potassium; Arsenite of Copper. 

604. — Sodium, and Ammonium Valerate; Ferrous 
Lactate; Zinc Lactate. 

605. — Oleate of Mercury; Oleate of Zinc; Oleate of 
Lead. 

606.- — Oxalate of Iron; Succinate of Ammonium; 
Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. 

607. — Potassium Tartrate; Potassium and Sodium 
Tartrate; Potassium Bitartrate; Tartrate of Antimony 
and Potassium. 

608. — Tartrate of Iron and Potassium; Tartrate of 
Iron and Ammonium. 

609. — Citrate of Potassium; Citrate of Lithium; 
Citrate of Ammonium; Citrate of Magnesium. 

610. — Citrate of Iron; Citrate of Iron and Ammoni- 
um; Citrate of Iron and Quinine; Citrate of Iron and 
Strychnine. 

• 611. — Ammonium Picrate; Sodium Salicylate; Am- 
monium Benzoate; Santoninate of Sodium. 

612. — Mercury with Chalk; Potassa with Lime. 

ADJECTIVES. 

613. — Washed Sulphur; Purified Mercury; Iodized 
Starch. 

614 — Purified Sulphide of Antimony ; Diluted Nitrate 
of Silver; Fused Nitrate of Silver. 

615. — Prepared Chalk ; Saccharated Carbonate of Iron; 
Saccharated Iodide of Iron. 



62 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharrnacopoeial latinic titles of: — 

616. — Hydrated Oxide of Iron with Magnesia; Re- 
duced Iron. 

617. — Corrosive Chloride of Mercury; Mild Chloride 
of Mercury. 

618. — Red Iodide of Mercury; Green Iodide of Mer- 
cury; Ammoniated Mercury. 

619. — Granulated Citrate of Magnesium; Granulated 
Zinc. 

620. — Sulphurated Potassa ; Sulphurated Lime; Sul- 
phurated Antimony. 

621. — Crude Carbolic Acid; Commercial Bicarbonate 
of Sodium. 

622.— Fused Nitrate of Silver; Fused Chloride of 
Calcium; Fused Chloride of Zinc. 

623. — Calcined Bone; Burnt Alum; Burnt Magnesia; 
Sublimed Sulphur. 

624 — Dialysed Iron; Pure Zinc; Pure Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

625. — Crystallized Nitrate of Silver; Crystallized 
Sulphide of Mercury. 

626. — Heavy Magnesia; Resublirned Iodine. 

627. — Precipitated Oxide of Mercury; Precipitated 
Sulphate of Iron. 

ORGANIC CHEMICALS. 

628. — Quinine; Strychnine; Morphine; Yeratrine. 
629. — Salicin; Santonin; Aloin; Saponin; Elaterin; 
Picrotoxin; Piperin; Lupulin. 

630. — Ether; Acetic Ether; Stronger Ether. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 63 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopceial latinic titles of: — 

631. — Alcohol; Diluted Alcohol; Amylic Alcohol; Ab- 
solute Alcohol. 

632. — Creasote; Glycerin; Starch; Sugar; Milk Sugar; 
Pepsin. 

(538. — Chloral; Chloroform; Iodoform; Amyl Nitrite; 
Ethereal Oil of Wine. 

ALKALOIDAL SALTS. 

634. — Quinine Sulphate; Morphine Acetate; Hyoscya- 
mine Salicylate. 

635. — Quinine Hydrobromate; Morphine Hydro - 
chlorate. 

636. — Physostigmine Salicylate; Hyoscyamine Sul- 
phate. 

637. — Cocaine Hydrochlorate ; Strychnine Nitrate. 

638. — Homatropine Bromide; Apomorphine Chloride; 
Quinine Bisulphate. 

SOLUTIONS, ETC. 

639. — Solution of Arsenous Acid; Syrup of Hydri- 
odic Acid. 

640. — Solution of Acetate of Ammonium; Solution of 
Chloride of Iron. 

641. — Lime Water; Solution of Potassa; Solution of 
Soda. 

642. — Compound Solution of Iodine; Solution of 
Chlorinated Soda. 

643. — Solution of Citrate of Potassium; Solution of 
Subacetate of Lead; Solution of Tersulphate of Iron. 



64 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write in full the nominative and genitive of the 
pharmacopoeial latinic titles of: — 

644. — Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury; 
Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

645. — Solution of Arsenite of Potassium; Solution of 
Silicate of Sodium; Solution of Chloride of Zinc. 



Write the correct pharmaceutical American titles 
of:— 

646. — Kalium; Natrium; Stibium. 

647. — Argentum; Plumbum; Hydrargyrum; Aurum. 

648. — Cuprum; Manganum; Arsenum; Carboneum. 

649. — Acidum Phenylicum; Acidum Carbazoticum; 
Acidum Azoticum. 

650. — Acidum Muriaticum; Acidum Prussicum; 
Acidum Hydrocyanicum. 

651. — Acidum Hydrochloratum ; Acidum Hydrobro- 
matum; Acidum Hydrocyanatum. 

652. — Acidum Boricum; Oxidum Arseniosum. 

653. — Zinci Oxidum; Plumbum Oxydatum; Oxidum 
Calcicum. 

654. — Ferrum Oxydatum Saccharatum Solubile. 

655. — Hydrargyrum Oxydatum Rubrum; Antimoni- 
osum Oxidum. 

656.— Hydras Kalicus; Natricus Hydras. 

657. — Hydras Ferricus; Aluminii Hydras. 

658. — Oxidum Magnesicum; Argenticum Oxidum; 
Ferri Oxidum Magneticum. 

659. — Ammonium Chloratum; Kalium Iodatum; 
Natrium Bromatum. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 65 

660. — FerruDi Sesquichloratum; Chloretuin Ferri - 
cnm: Chloruretum Ferricum. 

661. — Fern Chloridum; Ferricum Chloridum. 

662. — Ferrosum Chloridum; Ferri Chloridum Viride. 

66 3. — Hy drargyrosum Chloridum : Hydrargyricum 
Iodidum. 

664. — Hydrargyri Bichloridum; Hydrargyri Sub- 
chloridum. 

665. — Ferrum Sulfuricum Oxydatum; Chininum 
Ferro-citricum. 

666. — Hydrargyrum Bichloratum; Hydrargyrum Bi- 
jodatum. 

667. — Ferri Perchloridum ; Ferrosum Iodidum. 

668. — Chloretuin Stibicum; Kalium Cyanatum. 

669. — Calomel: Potassa; Calcaria Usta; Alumen 
TJstum. 

670. — Calx Yivum; Magnesia Levis; Magnesia Usta. 

671. — Hydratocarbonas Magnesicus; Chloreto-Ami- 
detum Hydrargyricum. 

672. — Chloridum Natricuni; Potassicum Cyanidum. 

673. — Nitras Kalicus; Kalium Nitrieum; Potassii 
Nitras; Potassicus Nitras. 

674. — Chloras Kalicus; Kalium Chloricum; Sodicus 
Chloras. 

675. — Sulphas Zincicus;* Zincum Sulfuricum; Zinci- 
cus Sulphas. 

676. — Ferrosus Sulphas; Ferricus Sulphas; Ferricus 
Subsulphas. 

677. — Ferrosus Carbonas Saccharatus; Sodicus Bicar- 
bonas; Bicarbonas Natricus. 

678. — Natrium Phosphoricum : Sodii Biboras : Kalicus 
Permanganas. 

5 



66 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

ERRORS TO CORRECT. 

Correct all errors you can discover in the following 
titles : — 

679. — Acidum Acetici Dilutus; Acidum Arsenosum. 

680. — Acidum Boracicus; Acidum Cromicum; Acidum 
Hydribromicum. 

681. — Acidum Phosforicum; Acidum Sulfurosum; 
Acidum Salycilicum. 

682. — Ether Aceticum; Ether Fortior; Alcohol 
Dilutus. 

683. — Alumen Exsicatus; Alumini Sulphas; Amonii 
Carbonas. 

684 — Amyli Nitris; Antimoni et Potassae Tartras; 
Antimonum Sulphuratum. 

685. — Aqua Ammonii; Aqua Chlori; Argenti Nitras 
Fusum. 

686. — Arsenii Iodidum; Atropiae Sulphas; Auri et 
Sodae Chloridum. 

687. — Bismutii et Amonae Citras; Calcis Carbonas 
Precipitata; Calci Hypophosphas. 

688. — Calx Clorata; Carbonei Bisulfidum; Chloro- 
formum Venalus. 

689. — Cinchonidiae Sulphas; Craeta Preparata; Feri 
Chloridum. 

690.^-Feri Oxidum Hydratus; Feri Sulphas Exica- 
tum; Hydrargyri Chloridum Corosivus. 

691. — Hydrargyri Chloridum Mitus; Hydrargyri 
Iodidum Viride. 

692. — Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flava; Liquor Acidi 
Arseniosum; Liquor Ferri Acetas. 

693. — Liquor Ferri Chloridum; Liquor Magnesias 
Citras; Liquor Plumbii Subacetatis. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 67 

Correct all errors you can discover in the following 
titles : — 

694 — Liquor Potasae Arsenitis; Liquor Sodae Chlo- 
rate; Liquor Sodae Arsenatis. 

695. — Lithiae Salycilas; Manganii Oxidum Nigrum; 
Mistura Ferri et Amoniae Acetas. 

696. — Morphiae Hydrochloras ; Pepsina Sacharatum; 
Physostigmae Salycilas. 

697. — Picrotoxina; Piperina; Potassiae et Sodiae 
Tartras. 

698. — Pyroxylina; Glycerina; Salicinum; Veratrina. 

699. — Quinini Bisulphis; Quinini Murias; Quiniae 
Brornidum. 

700. — Santonina; Sodiae Acetas; Sodae Bicarbonas 
Yenale. 

701. — Sodae Carbonas Exsiccatum; Spiritus Ammonii 
Aromaticus; Strychnini Sulphas. 

702. — Syrupus Acidi Hydroiodici ; SyiTipus Calcis 
Lactophosphatus; Syrupus Ferri Quiniae et Strychnini 
Phosphatis. 

703. — Syrupus Hypophosphituni ; Tinctura Iodinii; 
Tinctura Gelseminum : Trochisi Ammoniae Chloridi. 

704. — Trochisi Sodiae Santonatis; Unguentum Hy- 
drargyri Oxidum Rubrum; Unguentum Sulphur Alka- 
linum. 



Write the nominative and genitive, and the proper 
abbreviations, of the latinic titles of: — 

705. — Herb, Herbs; Leaf, Leaves; Flower, Flowers; 
Fruit, Fruits; Seed, Seeds. 

706. — Boot, Roots; Tuber, Tubers; Rhizome, Rhi- 
zomes; Bulb, Bulbs; Conn, Conns. 



68 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

"Write the nominative and genitive, and the proper 
abbreviations, of the latinic titles of: — 

707.— Bark, Barks: Stern, Stems; Twig, Twigs; Top. 
Tops; Gland, Glands. 

70S.— Gnm; Starch; Fixed Oil, Fixed Oils; Volatile 
Oil. Volatile Oils. 

709. — Resin, Besins: Gum-Resin, Gum-Resins; 
Oleoresin, Oleoresins. 

710. — Species: Powder, Powders; Compound Powder. 

711. — Trituration, Triturations; Abstract, Abstracts. 

712. — Extract, Extracts: Fluid Extract, Fluid 
Extracts : Powdered Extract. Powdered Extracts. 

713. — Confection. Confections; Troche, Troches; 
Mass, Masses; Pill. Pills; Bolus, Boli. 

714. — Granule, Granules; Capsule, Capsules: Jelly: 
Paste: Pastil es. 

715. — Cataplasm, Cataplasms; Paper, Papers. 

716. — Ointment, Ointments; Cerate, Cerates: Plaster. 
Plasters: Oleate, Oleates: Suppository, Suppositories. 

717. — Solution, Solutions: Mixture, Mixtures: Water. 
Waters; Mucilage, Mucilages. 

718. — Infusion, Infusions: Decoction, Decoctions; 
Compound Decoction, Compound Infusion. 

719. — Emulsion. Emulsions; Syrup, Syrups; Glyce- 
rite. Glycerites. 

720. — Spirit, Spirits: Tincture, Tinctures; Wine. 
Wines: Ethereal Tincture, Ammoniated Tincture, Com- 
pound Tincture. 

721. — Yinegar, Vinegars; Collodion, Collodions: 
Liniment, Liniments. 

722. — Injection. Injections: Lotion. Lotions; Gargle, 
Gargles. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 69 

Write the nominative and genitive, and the proper 
abbreviations, of the latinic titles of: — 

728. — Vapor, Vapors; Inhalation, Inhalations; Hypo- 
dermatic Injection; Bath, Baths. 



Write the nominative and genitive of the complete 
latinic and the nominative of the scientific American 
pharmacopceial titles of: — 

724. — Gum Arabic, Tragacanth. Arrow-root, Malt, 
Honey. 

725. — Castor Oil, Almond Oil, Cod Liver Oil, Cotton 
Seed Oil, Linseed Oil, Croton Oil, Cacao Butter, Fixed 
Oil of Nutmeg. 

726. — Lard, Suet, Wax, Spermaceti. 
• 727. — Volatile Oils of: Turpentine, Savine, Lavender, 
Lavender Flowers, Rosemary, Orange, Lemon, Bergamot, 
Cubeb. 

728. — Volatile Oils of: Anise, Caraway, Fennel, 
Thyme, Peppermint, Pennyroyal, Sassafras, Star Anise, 
Cloves, Allspice, Wintergreen, Nutmeg. 

729.— Volatile Oils of: Bitter Almond, Mustard. 

730. — Camphor, Aloes, Opium, Catechu, Kino, 
Kamala. 

731. — Ammoniac, Asafetida, Gamboge, Scammony, 
Myrrh. 

732. — Wormwood, Aconite, Sweet Almonds, Bitter 
Almonds, Kousso, Ergot, Cloves. 

733. — Barley, Quince Seed, Marshmallow Root, Irish 
Moss, Iceland Moss. 

734 — Bitter Orange Peel, Sweet Orange Peel, Lemon 
Peel, Nutmeg. 



70 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write the nominative and genitive of the complete 
latinic and the nominative of the scientific American 
pharmacopceial titles of: — 

735. — Turpentine, Male Fern, Blue Flag, Sweet Flag, 
Ladies' Slipper, Snake Root, Ginger. 

736.— Cayenne Pepper, Black Pepper, Hops, Yerba- 
Santa. 

737. — Benzoin, Balsam of Tolu, Balsam of Peru, 
Storax. 

738.- — Jalap, Mandrake, Indian Hemp, Cotton Root 
Bark. 

739. — Dandelion, Liquorice Root, Rhubarb, Yellow 
Dock. 

740. — Culver's Root, Seneka Snake Root, Black 
Cohosh, Poke Root, Squill. 

741. — Buckthorn Bark, Black Haw T , Butternut Bark, 
Black Alder. 

742. — Pipsissewa, Foxglove, Levantic Wormseed, 
German Wormseed. 

743. — Fish-berries, Colocynth, Rhatany, Blackberry 
Root Bark, Oak Bark, Nutgall, Sumach. 

744. — Deadly Nightshade, Belladonna Leaf, Bella- 
donna Root. 

745. — Henbane, Stinkweed, Hemlock Seed. 

746. — Aconite Leaf, Calabar Bean, Colchicum Seed, 
American Hellebore. 

747. — Blood Root, Jaborandi, Ipecac, Quebraccho, 
Pomegranate Root Bark. 

748. — Pareira Brava, Broom, Golden Seal, Coca 
Leaves. 

749.— Wild Cherry Bark, Black Mustard, White 
Mustard. 

750. — Spanish Flies, Castor, Musk, Ox-gall, Leeches. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 71 

Write in full the correct latinic pharmacopceial 
titles of: — 

751. — Abstract of Nux Vomica; Stronger Ammonia 
Water; Orange Flower Water. 

752. — Chlorine Water; Simple Cerate; Cantharidal 
Cerate. 

753. — Cerate of Extract of Cantharides; Nitrate of 
Potassium Paper; Cantharidal Collodion. 

754. — Flexible Collodion; Styptic Collodion ; Elixir of 
Orange. 

755. — Ammoniac Plaster with Mercury; Galbanum 
Plaster. 

756. — Isinglass Plaster; Burgundy Pitch Plaster, 
Canada Pitch Plaster; Soap Plaster. 

757. — Aqueous Extract of Aloes; Extract of Arnica 
Root; Extract of Aconite Root. 

758. — Aromatic Fluid Extract; Fluid Extract of Bit- 
ter Orange Peel; Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. 

759. — Extract of Indian Cannabis; Fluid Extract of 
Chestnut Leaves; Fluid Extract of Colchicum Seed. 

760. — Fluid Extract of Cornus; Fluid Extract of Coca; 
Extract of Wahoo Bark. 

761. — Extract of Yellow Jessamine; Extract of Log- 
wood; Fluid Extract of Witch Hazel. 

762. — Extract of Iris; Extract of Juglans; Fluid 
Extract of Matico. 

763. — Extract of Calabar Bean; Fluid Extract of 
Wild Cherry; Fluid Extract of Rhus Glabra. 

764. — Fluid Extract of Yellow Dock; Compound 
Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

765. — Fluid Extract of American Hellebore; Inspis- 
sated Ox -gall. 



72 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write in full the correct latinic pharmacopceial 
titles of: — 

766.— Glycerite of Yolk of Egg; Blue Pill; Copaiba 
Pill. 

767. — Compound Iron Mixture; Basharn's Mixture; 
Dewee's Carminative. 

768. — -Brown Mixture; Neutral Mixture; Mixture of 
Khubarb and Soda. 

769. — Mucilage of Sassafras Pith; Oleoresin of Male 
Fern; Denarcotized Opium. 

770. — Saccharated Pepsin; Compound Pills of Anti- 
mony; Pills of Aloes and Mastic. 

771. — Antimonial Powder; Seidlitz Powder; Dover's 
Powder. 

772. — Spirit of Ether; Spirit of Nitrous Ether; Sweet 
Spirit of Nitre. 

773. — Syrup of Tar; Syrup of Kaspberry; Syrup of 
Tolu. 

774. — Tincture of Arnica Flowers; Tincture of Ben- 
zoin; Tincture of Kino. 

775. — Camphorated Tincture of Opium; Deodorized 
Tincture of Opium; Sweet Tincture of Khubarb. 

776. — Tincture of Green Soap; Tincture of Sumbul; 
Tincture of Tolu; Tincture of Ginger. 

777. — Troches of Morphine and Ipecac; Troches of 
Chlorate of Potassium. 

778. — Cold Cream; Chrysarobin Ointment; Diachylon 
Ointment. 

779. — Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury; Ointment 
of Carbonate of Lead. 

780. — Stronger White Wine; Bitter Wine of Iron; 
Compound Cathartic Pills. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. i 3 

Write the official American titles, and the common 
vernacular names of the following named drugs, and 
state what plant parts constitute the drugs: — 

781. — Absinthium, Aconitum, Allium, Althaea. 

7S2. — Anthemis, Apocynum, Asclepias, Aspidium. 

783. — Azedarach. Br a vera, Bryonia, Buchu. 

784. — Calamus, Calendula, Calumba, Cambogia. 

785. — Cannabis Americana, Cannabis Indica, Can- 
tharis. 

786. — Capsicum, Cardamomum, Carum, Caryophyllus. 

787. — Cascarilla, Cassia Fistula, Castanea, Caulo- 
phyllum. 

788. — Cetraria. Chelidonium, Chenopodium, Chima- 
phila. 

789.— Chirata, Chondrus, Cimicifuga, Conium. 

790. — Cornus, Crocus, Cydonium, Cypripedium. 

791. — Digitalis, Dulcamara, Eiythroxylon, Euonymus. 

792. — Eupatorium. Ficus, Fceniculum, Frangula. 

793. — Galla, Gaultheria, Gelsemium, Gentiana. 

794. — Geranium, Glycyrrhiza, Gossypium, Granatum. 

795. — Grindelia, Guarana, Hsematoxylon, Hamamelis. 

796. — Hedeoma, Humulus, Hydrastis, Hyoscyamus. 

797. — Ignatia, Illicium, Inula, Ipecacuanha. 

798. — Iris, Jalapa, Juglans, Juniperus. 

799. — Kamala, Krameria, Lappa, Leptandra. 

800. — Linum, Lobelia, Lupulinum, Lycopodium. 

801. — Macis, Magnolia, Marrubiuni, Matico. 

802. — Matricaria, Melissa, Menispermum, Mentha 
Yiridis. 

803. — Mezereum, Myristica, Nux Vomica, Origanum. 

804. — Pareira, Pepo, Physostigma, Pilocarpus. 

805. — Pimenta, Piper, Podophyllum, Prinos. 



74 PHARMACEUTICAL PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES. 

Write the official American titles, and the common 
vernacular names of the following named drugs, and 
state what plant parts constitute the drugs: — 

806.— Prunum, Prunus Virginiana, Pulsatilla. 

807. — Pyrethrurn, Quassia, Quercus Alba, Quillaia. 

808. — Rheum, Rhus Glabra, Rhus Toxicodendron, 
Rosa Centifolia, Rosa G-allica. 

809. — Rosmarinus, Rubus, Rubus Idaeus. 

810. — Rumex, Sabina, Salix, Salvia. 

811. — Sambucus, Sanguinaria, S ant alum Rubrum, 
Santonica. 

812. — Sarsaparilla, Sassafras, Sassafras Medulla, 
Scilla. 

813.— Scoparius, Scutellaria, Senega, Senna. 

814. — Serpentaria, Spigelia, Staphisagria, Stillingia. 

815. — Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Semen, Sumbul, 
Tamarindus. 

816. — Tanacetum, Taraxacum, Thuja, Triticum. 

817. — Ulmus, Ustilago, Uva Ursi, Valeriana, Vanilla. 

818. — Veratrum Viride, Viburnum, Viola Tricolor, 
Xanthoxyluni, Zingiber. 

819. — Aspidosperma, Asarum, Baptisia, Boldus. 

820. — Cataria, Chelone, Chionanthus, Collinsonia. 

821. — Aletris, Corydalis, Damiana, Delphinium. 

822. — Dioscorea, Drosera, Epigsea, Eriodictyon. 

823. — Fucus Vesiculosus, Geum, Gillenia, Gna- 
phalium. 

824. — Helianthemum, Helonias, Hepatica, Heuchera. 

825. — Juniperus Virginiana, Lactuca, Leonurus, 
Lycopus. 

826. — Methysticum, Mitchella, Myrica, CEnothera. 

827. — Phoradendron, Piscidia, Polymnia, Ptelea. 



PHARMACEUTICAL NOMENCLATURE. 75 

Write the official American titles, and the common 
vernacular names of the following named drugs, and 
state what plant parts constitute the drugs: — 

828. — Ehamnus Purshiana, Rhus Aromatica, Senecio. 

829. — Simaruba, Solidago, Spiraea, Symphytum. 

830. — Trillium, Tussilago, Verbascum, Viburnum 
Opulus. 



NOW READY. PRICE $3.50, NET. POST PAID. 



A 

LABORATORY 

MANUAL of CHEMISTRY, 

Medical and Phaemaceutical, 



CONTAINING 

EXPERIMENTS AND PRACTICAL LESSONS IN INORGANIC SYNTHETI- 
CAL WORK; FORMULA EOR OVER THREE HUNDRED PREPARA- 
TIONS, WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES; EXAMPLES IN QUANTI- 
TATIVE DETERMINATIONS AND THE VALUATION OF 
DRUGS; AND.'SHORT SYSTEMATIC COURSES ^QUALITA- 
TIVE ANALYSIS AND IN THE EXAMINATION OF URINE. 



OSCAR OLDBERG, Pharm. D., 

PROFESSOR OF PHARMACY AND DIRECTOR OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL 

LABORATORIES IN THE ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY — 

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 



JOHN H. LONG, Sc. D., 



PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND DIRECTOR OF THE CHEMICAL LABORATORIES 

OF THE CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE AND THE ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF 

PHARMACY — NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 



WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 

( See next page. ) 



PREFACE. 



Our object in preparing this manual was to provide 
in convenient form a sufficient number of suitable lessons 
in laboratory work, and at the same time to embody in 
the book the facts of inorganic chemistry most important 
to pharmacy and medicine. It contains experiments 
intended to familiarize the student with the properties 
of the principal elements, lessons in synthetical chemistry, 
a systematic course in qualitative analysis, examples in 
quantitative determinations, including the official methods 
of assay for a few important drugs, and a short chapter 
on the chemical and microscopical examination of urine. 

Among the lessons in Part II will be found the work- 
ing formulae of the pharmacopoeias for many of the 
preparations. 

Students pursuing synthetical work without an 
instructor can successfully and with benefit make most 
of the pharmaceutical preparations included in the 
Second Part, with the aid of the explanatory notes it 
contains. For purposes of practice the quantities of 
materials operated upon may, of course, be small 
and the outfit of apparatus limited to the list given 
in the appendix. The proportions of the materials are 
stated, sometimes in parts by weight, and sometimes in 
definite quantities expressed in terms of the metric 
system, which will afford useful practice in the applica- 
tion of both forms. 

The portions devoted to analytical methods are neces- 
sarily much condensed, but believed to contain all that 
is essential in a work of this character. 

THE AUTHORS. 

Chicago, May, 1887. 

Chicago: W. T. KEENER, 96 Washington St. 



MJEDIC^L BOOKS. 



W. T. KEENER, 

EXCLUSIVELY MEDICAL BOOKSELLER, 

96 Washington Street, Chicago. 



Has constantly in stock a full line of the Medical Publications of 
the following houses: 



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Macmillan & Co. 

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Wilstach, Baldwin & Co., Ec- 
lectic Books. 

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pathic Books. 

DUBLIN". 
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LONDON. 

Longmans & Co. 
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And receives regular Consignments from the Principal FRENCH and 
GERMAN Medical Publishers. 



FOREIGN BOOKS IMPORTED TO ORDER AT REASONABLE RATES. 



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shipped at expense of purchaser. Correspondence about discounts is invited. 

A Complete Classified Catalogue of American Medical Books (embracing 
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When you want any Medical Books, or information concerning them, 
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90 Washington Street, Chicago. 



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